Table 1.
Coding scheme for categorising the utterances of speakers
| Code | Definition |
|---|---|
| Misunderstanding | Not understanding another speaker, plus repairs of misunderstanding |
| Check understanding | Checking another speaker has understood, or asking for clarification of what has been said |
| Questions | Questions (excludes rhetorical questions) |
| Health education | Advisory information about diabetes and diabetes care (patients’ speech excluded) |
| Motivation | Patient’s motivation or willpower to engage in self-care or change health-related behaviour |
| Praise | Praising the other person for health-related actions or knowledge |
| Patworld | Any speech coded at any of the four codes below |
| 1. Humour | Humorous moments, laughter, light-hearted banter |
| 2. Lifeworld | Social chit chat, personal context of the patient, their family, or friends. Mention of special events such as Ramadan or birthdays outside the health and social care system |
| 3. Feelings | Reports of, or questions about, emotional states. Emotionally expressive interjections |
| 4. Employment | Patient’s employment, work or job-seeking efforts |
| All clinical | Any speech coded at any of the 14 codes below (all of which are for diabetes-related talk only) |
| 1. Blood tests | Blood tests |
| 2. BP | Blood pressure |
| 3. Cholesterol | Cholesterol |
| 4. Exercise | Exercise |
| 5. Eyes | Eyes and eye checks |
| 6. Feet | Feet and foot checks |
| 7. Flu | Flu vaccine |
| 8. Food | Food and diet |
| 9. Kidney | Kidney and kidney complications |
| 10. Medications | Medications and how to use them |
| 11. Smoke | Smoking |
| 12. Sugar and HbA1c | Sugar/HbA1c levels |
| 13. Urine test | Urine tests |
| 14. Weight | Weight, BMI |
| Medical other | Medical or health problems unrelated to diabetes |
| Patient’s speech only | |
| PClinPar | Patient evaluates or gives information about how they are doing on diabetes-related clinical parameters (such as those included under ‘All clinical’), excluding talk about health behaviour or behaviour change |
| Epistemic | Patient’s knowledge, beliefs, or ideas about the workings of their body or health/illness. This includes material sometimes called ‘lay health beliefs’ and includes expressions of not knowing enough, or much, about these things |
| Interpreted consultations only | |
| Meaning changed | Where attempted translations change the meaning of what was said in the other language |
| Talk not translated | Significant messages that are not translated |
| Other than translated | Any interpreter speech that is not an attempted translation of what another speaker has said |
BMI = body mass index. BP = blood pressure. HbA1c = glycosylated haemoglobin. Patworld = patient world. PClinPar= patient clinical parameters.