Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants according to quintiles of total red meat consumption in the Multiethnic Cohort Study 1993 - 2007*
| Total Red Meat Intake (g/1,000 kcal/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 5 | ||
| Total | (Median = 7.4) | (Median = 24.6) | (Median = 48.0) | |
| Total No. at Risk (n) | 165,717 | 33,144 | 33,144 | 33,143 |
| Total Cases (n) | 3,404 | 619 | 680 | 697 |
| Age at Cohort Entry (years) (mean, SD) | 59.9 (8.8) | 61.1 (8.9) | 60.2 (8.8) | 58.2 (8.5) |
| Sex (% male) | 46.4 | 35.7 | 46.2 | 58.1 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| African American | 15.9 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 18.0 |
| Native Hawaiian | 7.3 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 9.6 |
| Japanese American | 29.5 | 28.3 | 32.2 | 24.9 |
| Latino | 21.3 | 16.7 | 20.9 | 27.8 |
| White | 26.0 | 34.3 | 24.8 | 19.8 |
| Family History of Colorectal Cancer (%) | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 7.7 |
| Positive History of Colorectal Polyps (%) | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.0 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (mean, SD) | 26.5 (5.1) | 25.1 (4.6) | 26.6 (5.1) | 27.9 (5.5) |
| Pack-years of cigarette smoking (mean, SD) | 10.3 (15.0) | 7.6 (13.1) | 10.2 (15.0) | 13.2 (16.5) |
| Alcohol Consumption (ethanol g/day) (mean, SD) | 9.3 (25.3) | 8.8 (29.1) | 9.7 (25.2) | 8.4 (18.5) |
| Vigorous Physical Activity (hours/day) (mean, SD) | 0.39 (0.82) | 0.39 (0.79) | 0.37 (0.81) | 0.42 (0.88) |
| Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug User (%)† | 52.5 | 50.8 | 52.8 | 53.8 |
| Multivitamin User (%)‡ | 49.2 | 41.4 | 49.1 | 57.1 |
| History of Diabetes (%) | 11.2 | 7.9 | 11.1 | 15.0 |
| Hormone Replacement Therapy Use (%)§ | ||||
| Never use | 53.0 | 49.3 | 53.0 | 59.6 |
| Past use | 17.6 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 16.3 |
| Current use | 29.4 | 32.7 | 29.1 | 24.1 |
| Dietary (mean, SD) | ||||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2149 (1029) | 1962 (909) | 2178 (1020) | 2269 (1128) |
| Dietary Fiber (g/1,000 kcal/day) | 11.8 (4.3) | 14.8 (5.0) | 11.4 (3.8) | 9.7 (3.2) |
| Calcium (mg/1,000/kcal/day) (food and supplements) | 1020 (643) | 1156 (732) | 1014 (616) | 885 (549) |
| Folate (mcg/1,000/kcal/day) (food and supplements) | 539 (362) | 644 (406) | 533 (347) | 448 (316) |
| Vitamin D (iu/1,000/kcal/day) (food and supplements) | 346 (349) | 424 (395) | 343 (338) | 271 (303) |
Note: Percent values reflect column percents.
Abbreviations: No, number; SD, standard deviation.
*
Median follow-up time 13.6 years.
†
Users defined as those using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at least twice a week for one month or greater.
‡
Users defined as those using multivitamins at least once a week over the previous year.
§
Values for women only.