Table 2.
Disease entity | Species | Area(s) of endemicity | Predominant reservoir(s) | Canine seroprevalence | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cutaneous leishmaniasis | Leishmania major | Middle East, northwestern China, northwestern India, Pakistan, Africa | Gerbil species, jird, fat sand rat | Egypt, 3 cases; Saudi Arabia, 3 cases | 226–233 |
L. aethiopica | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia | Rock hyrax | 234, 235 | ||
L. mexicana | Central America, Mexico, TX | Yucatan deer mouse, tree rat, other rodents | Mexico, 30.2%, 10.5%a; TX, 8 casesa | 236–241 | |
L. amazonensis | Brazil | Various forest rodents (grass, pygmy mice) | Brazil, 1 case | 242, 243 | |
L. tropica | Mediterranean, Middle East, western Asia, Indian subcontinent | Human, foxes, golden jackals, hyrax, dogs | Morocco, 8 cases | 244–248 | |
L. braziliensis | Central, South America | Forest mammals, marsupial species, opossum | Mexico, 8.2%, 11.57%a; Brazil, 2–3% | 240, 241, 249–252 | |
L. guyanensis | Guyana, Suriname, northern Amazon basin | Two-toed sloth, forest mammals, marsupial species, opossum | Colombia, 2.2% | 253, 254 | |
L. peruviana | Peru, Argentinean highlands | Dog? | Peru, 1.8%b | 255 | |
L. shawi | Brazil | Cebus monkeys, sloths, procyonids | 256 | ||
L. lainsoni | Brazil, Bolivia, Peru | Lowland paca, rodents | 257 | ||
L. naiffi | Brazil, French Guyana, Ecuador, Peru | Armadillos | 258 | ||
L. venezuelensis | Venezuela | Unknown, cat? | Venezuela, 6 casesa | 259 | |
L. panamensis | Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia | Sloths, kinkajous, marsupial species, opossum | Colombia, 12 cases; Panama, 3.3%; Ecuador, 2 cases | 260–264 | |
Visceral leishmaniasis | L. donovani | Indian subcontinent, northern and eastern China, Pakistan, Nepal, eastern Africa, Sudan, Kenya | Human, dogs, goats | Sudan, 2 cases; Ethiopia, 14.8%; India, 6.5% | 265–268 |
L. infantum (syn., L. chagasi) | Middle East, Mediterranean basin, northern and northwestern China, northern and sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South America | Dogs, foxes, jackals, wolves | Mexico, 11.9%, 22.10%a; Brazil, 7.14–57%; Portugal, 4.3–25.2%; Spain, 8.1–13%; Italy, 2.6%; France, 4–8%; Greece, 2–30%; Uzbekistan, 32.1%; Turkey, 20.7%; China, 23.5–28.2%; Iran, 14.2%, 10%a,b; Jerusalem, 6.7%a; Senegal, >40% | 240, 241, 248, 250, 269–295 |
Feline seroprevalence.
Prevalence was measured as positivity on skin or splenic biopsy specimens and culture.