HRV genomic structure. HRV is a 7.2-kb single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with a single open reading frame joined to a 5′ untranslated region and a short viral priming protein (VPg). The P1 protein is processed to form the HRV capsid, and P2 and P3 are processed to produce VPg, protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) (6). IRES, internal ribosomal entry subunit.