Fig 3.

Effects of nitazoxanide, artemisinin, artesunate, and imatinib on in vitro release/secretion of AP by T. crassiceps. T. crassiceps metacestodes cultured in vitro were exposed to the indicated concentrations of nitazoxanide (A), imatinib (B), artesunate (C), or artemisinin (D), at the indicated concentrations for up to 10 days. Supernatants collected (and replaced) every 24 h were tested for AP activity (see Materials and Methods). Data are shown as percentages of corresponding untreated parasites at each time point. Molar concentrations provided in graph legends correspond to 5 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml for nitazoxanide, 6 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml for imatinib, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml for artesunate, and 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml for artemisinin. Significant differences from untreated cysts are indicated by asterisks (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01). Data shown are representative of two replicated experiments.