Fig 4.

Effects of nitazoxanide, artemisinin, artesunate, and imatinib on in vitro release/secretion of PGI by T. crassiceps. T. crassiceps metacestodes cultured in vitro were exposed to the indicated concentrations of nitazoxanide (A), imatinib (B), artesunate (C), or artemisinin (D) at the indicated concentrations for up to 10 days. Supernatants collected (and replaced) every 24 h were tested for PGI activity (see Materials and Methods). Representative data from two replicated experiments are shown as OD₃₄₀ corrected for untreated cysts at the corresponding culture time point. Molar concentrations provided in graph legends correspond to 5 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml for nitazoxanide, 6 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml for imatinib, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml for artesunate, and 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml for artemisinin. Significant differences from untreated cysts are indicated by asterisks (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01).