Table 3.
Verification of FAE assay performance with DNA from selected hydrocarbon-impacted enrichments and environmental samples
| Sample | Region | Reference(s) | Environment, sample type | Substrate(s) | Expected FAE lineage | Resultsa |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
bssA-nmsA sensu lato |
nmsA sensu stricto with FAE-N | assA with FAE-KM | |||||||
| bssA | FAE-B | ||||||||
| Paclele Mici mud volcano | Romania | 28 | Terrestrial, enrichment | Hexadecane | assA | − | − | − | + |
| Amon mud volcano | Mediterranean Sea, Nile deep-sea fan | 42 | Marine, sediment | Methane, ethane, propane, butane | assA-like? | +b | − | − | − |
| Nyegga methane seeps | Norwegian continental ridge | 32 | Marine, sediment | Methane, natural gas | assA-like? | − | − | − | + |
| Chapopote asphalt volcano station GeoB106-17-6 | Gulf of Mexico | 42, 43 | Marine, sediment | Asphalt, alkanes, aromatics, methane | FAE | + | + | − | + |
| Hydrocarbon seep station 161 | Gulf of Mexico | 30, 42 | Marine, sediment | Oil, asphalt, alkanes, aromatics | FAE | +b | +b | +b | + |
| Guaymas Basin hydrocarbon seep | Gulf of California | 42 | Marine, sediment | Methane, alkanes, aromatics | FAE, especially assA | − | − | +b | +b |
| Gölzau aquifer, former refinery | Germany | 29 | Terrestrial, enrichment | Toluene | bssA | + | − | + | − |
| Butane | assA | + | + | + | + | ||||
| Methylnaphthalene | nmsA | + | − | + | − | ||||
| Flingern aquifer, former gas work site | Germany | 25 | Terrestrial, sediment | BTEX, PAHc | bssA-nmsA sensu lato | +b | +b | +b | +d |
a
+, a clear amplicon with the expected size was observed; −, no amplicon.
b
Amplicons were actually cloned and sequenced as displayed in Fig. 1.
c
PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
d
Forty PCR cycles were necessary to obtain an amplicon.