Fig 8.

Model for IFN-β induction in uninfected microglia in response to MeV neuronal infection. A neuron is pictured at the left, containing single-stranded viral genomes of MeV. Infection triggers extracellular release of hsp70, which then acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), interacting with TLR2 and TLR4 of uninfected brain macrophages (right). TLR signaling is known to induce IFN-β transcription through IRF3, AP-1, and NF-κB, and MHC expression is mediated by NF-κB.