FIG. 5.

KC-derived but not hepatocyte-derived IGF-I protects islets from diabetes and increases hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and expression of IL-7 and TGF-β. A: Cumulative diabetes incidence after hAAT-IGF-I treatment. Dotted line indicates end of treatment (n = 15 animals per group). B: Cumulative diabetes incidence after CD68-IGF-I expression (n = 15 animals per group). Animals were considered diabetic when two consecutive measurements of blood glucose were >250 mg/dL. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. Representative plots (C) and percentage of CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ MDSC cells (D). CD11b⁺ KCs (E) and CD11c⁺ DCs (F) as determined by flow cytometry at weeks 2 and 4 after pIGF-I treatment. Results are mean ± SEM of five animals per group. *P < 0.05 vs. STZ-Con. G: Expression of IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-7 from in vitro cultured DCs was measured by quantitative PCR as described in research design and methods. *P < 0.05 vs. mock. Data are representative of two independent experiments. (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)