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. 2012 Dec 28;12:237. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-12-237

Table 4.

Demographic and psychological correlates of sleep quality among university students

Characteristics   Model-I (N = 2511) Adj. OR (95% CI) Model-II (N = 2551) Adj. OR (95% CI) Model-III (N = 2511) Adj. OR (95% CI)
Sex
 Male
 1
  
 1
Female
 1.14 (0.94, 1.38)
  
 1.23 (1.00, 1.57)*
Year of Study
 2nd year
 2.97 (2.18, 4.04)**
  
 2.91 (2.1, 4.02)**
3rd year
 2.14 (1.57, 2.92)**
  
 2.25 (1.62, 3.12)**
≥4th year
 1
  
 1
University
 Haramaya
 1
  
 1
Gondar
 1.22 (1.04,1.44)*
  
 1.36 (1.13, 1.63)*
Perceived stress
 1st quartile
  
 1
 1
2nd quartile
  
 1.42 (1.13, 1.77)*
 1.35 (1.10, 1.70)*
3rd quartile
  
 1.66 (1.32, 2.08)**
 1.55 (1.23, 1.96)**
4th quartile
  
 2.11 (1.64, 2.72)**
 1.90 (1.46, 2.46)**
Depression
 Normal
  
 1
 1
Mild
  
 1.26 (0.99, 1.61)
 1.36 (1.06, 1.75)*
Moderate
  
 1.48 (1.16, 1.90)*
 1.64 (1.27, 2.11)**
Severe
  
 1.62 (1.11, 2.37)*
 1.64 (1.11, 2.42)*
Extremely severe
  
 2.38 (1.42, 4.00)*
 2.65 (1.56, 4.49)**
Anxiety Normal
  
 1
 1
Mild
  
 1.33 (1.00, 1.77)*
 1.26 (0.94, 1.70)
Moderate
  
 1.31 (1.04, 1.66)*
 1.27 (1.00, 1.61)*
Severe
  
 1.82 (1.32, 2.49)**
 1.62 (1.17, 2.24)*
Extremely severe   1.94 (1.41, 2.67)** 1.76 (1.27, 2.45)*

*p-value <0.05, **p-value < 0.01.

N.B. The third model is controlled for coffee, khat, alcohol, and cigarette consumption. Age was excluded from the model as it has strong correlation with year of study in University.