Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients according to chronic kidney disease stages
| CKD stage 1–2 (n = 27) | CKD stage 3 (n = 55) | CKD stage 4 (n = 60) | CKD stage 5 (n = 53) | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age |
57.3 ± 12.9 |
68.3 ± 10.2* |
72.3 ± 9.2* |
71.1 ± 10.2* |
<0.01 |
| Male |
11 (41) |
41 (75) |
42 (70) |
35 (66) |
0.02 |
| Hypertension |
15 (56) |
47 (85) |
58 (97) |
51 (96) |
<0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
5 (19) |
25 (45) |
30 (50) |
32 (60) |
<0.01 |
| Smoking |
12 (44) |
31 (56) |
34 (57) |
33 (62) |
0.51 |
| Dyslipidemia |
16 (59) |
40 (73) |
48 (80) |
42 (79) |
0.19 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
22.9 ± 3.3 |
23.3 ± 3.5 |
22.9 ± 5.1 |
21.0 ± 4.9 |
0.04 |
| Proteinuria (g/day) |
0.9 (0.4-1.8) |
1.1 (0.1-3.4) |
0.9 (0.1-3.5) |
2.3 (0.7-4.0)** |
0.03 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) |
0.12 (0.05-0.23) |
0.06 (0.03-0.17) |
0.15 (0.04-0.26) |
0.08 (0.05-0.20) |
0.12 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) |
12.9 ± 1.9 |
11.6 ± 1.9* |
10.3 ± 1.6* |
9.0 ± 1.5* |
<0.01 |
| Serum corrected calcium (mg/dL) |
9.6 ± 0.6 |
9.6 ± 0.6 |
9.4 ± 0.5 |
9.2 ± 0.5* |
<0.01 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) |
3.4 ± 0.5 |
3.4 ± 0.5 |
3.6 ± 0.5 |
4.4 ± 0.9* |
<0.01 |
| Ca-P product (mg2/dL2) |
32.6 ± 5.1 |
32.8 ± 5.0 |
34.1 ± 5.5 |
40.4 ± 8.5* |
<0.01 |
| Log PTH (pg/mL) |
3.6 ± 0.4 |
3.9 ± 0.4 |
4.4 ± 0.6* |
5.0 ± 0.6* |
<0.01 |
| Log 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D (pg/mL) |
3.8 ± 0.4 |
3.6 ± 0.4 |
3.2 ± 0.4* |
2.6 ± 0.6* |
<0.01 |
| Log FGF23 (pg/mL) |
3.5 ± 0.5 |
3.9 ± 0.4** |
4.3 ± 0.7* |
5.0 ± 0.9* |
<0.01 |
| CAAC | 10 (37) | 32 (58) | 45 (75) | 41 (77) | <0.01 |
Values are expressed as the means ± SD, number (percent), or median (interquartile range).
CKD chronic kidney disease, Ca-P calcium-phosphorus, PTH parathyroid hormone, FGF fibroblast growth factor, CAAC carotid artery calcification.
*p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 vs. CKD stage 1–2.