Table 1. Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children.
| Diagnostic approach | Low transmission | Moderate transmission | High transmission | |||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| N | 333 | 245 | 337 | 252 | 255 | 238 |
| Faecal microscopy | 7.2 (4.7–10.5) | 6.9 (4.1–10.9) | 16.9 (13.0–21.4) | 25.0 (19.8–30.8) | 38.8 (32.8–45.1) | 47.5 (41.0–54.0) |
| Light infections (1–99 epg) | 6.3 (4.0–9.5) | 6.5 (3.8–10.4) | 10.4 (7.3–14.1) | 17.0 (12.6–22.3) | 24.3 (19.2–30.1) | 27.3 (21.8–33.4) |
| Moderate infections (100–399 epg) | 0.9 (0.2–2.6) | 0.4 (0.0–2.3) | 4.7 (2.7–7.6) | 4.8 (2.5–8.2) | 7.8 (4.9–11.8) | 9.3 (5.9–13.7) |
| Heavy infections (≥400 epg) | 0.0 (0.0–1.1) | 0.0 (0.0–1.5) | 1.8 (0.7–3.8) | 3.2 (1.4–6.2) | 6.7 (3.9–10.5) | 10.9 (7.3–15.6) |
| Single urine CCA | 45.9 (40.5–51.5) | 39.6 (33.4–46.0) | 45.4 (40.0–50.9) | 44.8 (38.6–51.2) | 56.1 (49.8–62.3) | 55.9 (49.3–62.3) |
| trace reaction | 27.9 (23.2–33.1) | 26.1 (20.7–32.1) | 25.8 (21.2–30.8) | 24.6 (19.4–30.4) | 26.3 (21.0–32.1) | 16.8 (12.3–22.2) |
| + reaction | 13.8 (10.3–18.0) | 11.0 (7.4–15.6) | 13.1 (9.7–17.1) | 15.1 (10.9–20.1) | 14.5 (10.4–19.4) | 17.2 (12.7–22.6) |
| ++ reaction | 3.6 (1.9–6.2) | 1.6 (0.4–4.1) | 2.4 (1.0–4.6) | 3.6 (1.6–6.7) | 5.1 (2.7–8.6) | 11.8 (8.0–16.6) |
| +++ reaction | 0.6 (0.0–2.2) | 0.8 (0.0–2.9) | 4.2 (2.3–6.9) | 1.6 (0.4–4.0) | 10.2 (6.8–14.6) | 10.1 (6.6–14.6) |
| SEA-ELISA | 36.0 (30.9–41.4) | 18.4 (13.7–23.8) | 49.0 (43.5–54.4) | 52.8 (46.4–59.1) | 81.6 (76.3–86.1) | 92.0 (87.8–95.1) |
| + reaction | 32.7 (27.7–38.1) | 18.4 (13.7–23.8) | 40.1 (34.8–45.5) | 48.8 (42.4–55.2) | 61.6 (55.3–67.6) | 78.2 (72.4–83.2) |
| ++ reaction | 3.3 (1.7–5.8) | 0.0 (0.0–1.5) | 8.9 (6.1–12.5) | 4.0 (1.9–7.2) | 20.0 (15.3–25.4) | 13.9 (9.7–18.9) |
| Combined tests | 64.0 (58.6–69.1) | 47.3 (40.9–53.8) | 68.2 (63.0–73.2) | 65.9 (60.0–71.7) | 89.4 (85.0–92.9) | 94.1 (90.3–96.7) |
| ‘Triplicate sample microscopy’ | 17.0 (12.9–22.3) | 16.6 (11.9–22.9) | 32.0 (26.2–38.4) | 43.4 (36.1–50.9) | 60.5 (53.4–67.2) | 69.7 (62.9–75.9) |
Prevalence (and CI95), in %, of intestinal schistosomiasis according to the different diagnostic tests employed (faecal microscopy, single urine CCA and SEA-ELISA), the combined results for all tests (if positive for any test then considered child as positive), as well as the mathematical model by Jordan and colleagues (‘Triplicate stool samples microscopy’) [29]. This study was conducted in three epidemiological settings in Uganda in October/November 2009 (baseline) and 2010 (follow-up). For each stool sample, duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were performed.