Table 1. Distribution of demographic and other characteristic of study subjects.
| Characteristic | Asthmatic subjects (n = 295) | Non-asthmatic subjects (n = 3517) | P-value | Wheezing subjects (n = 452) | Non-wheezing subjects (n = 3373) | P-value |
| No. (%) | No (%) | No. | % | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≤12 | 218 (74.4) | 2611 (74.3) | 0.80 | 337 (75.1) | 2503 (74.3) | 0.28 |
| 13–14 | 68 (22.9) | 825 (23.5) | 99 (21.8) | 796 (23.6) | ||
| ≥14 | 9 (2.7) | 76 (2.2) | 15 (3.1) | 70 (2.1) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 164 (55.6) | 1708 (48.6) | 0.02 | 249 (55.1) | 1631 (48.4) | 0.007 |
| Female | 131 (44.4) | 1809 (51.4) | 203 (44.9) | 1742 (51.6) | ||
| Parental education (years)* | ||||||
| <8 | 48 (16.4) | 564 (16.2) | 0.78 | 68 (15.1) | 549 (16.4) | 0.57 |
| 8–11 | 195 (66.6) | 2383 (63.0) | 305 (67.8) | 2281 (68.2) | ||
| ≥12 | 50 (17.1) | 544 (15.6) | 77 (17.1) | 517 (15.4) | ||
| Family annual incomes* | ||||||
| Low | 85 (31.1) | 1180 (36.3) | 0.24 | 150 (35.5) | 1121 (35.9) | 0.60 |
| Medium | 152 (55.7) | 1678 (51.6) | 215 (50.8) | 1624 (52.1) | ||
| High | 36 (13.2) | 397 (12.2) | 58 (13.7) | 374 (12.0) | ||
| Environmental tobacco smoke* | ||||||
| Yes | 138 (47.1) | 1655 (47.3) | 0.95 | 224 (49.9) | 1575 (46.9) | 0.24 |
| No | 155 (52.9) | 1844 (52.7) | 225 (50.1) | 1781 (53.1) | ||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy* | ||||||
| Yes | 18 (6.1) | 133 (3.8) | 0.05 | 31 (6.9) | 122 (3.6) | 0.001 |
| No | 277 (93.9) | 3384 (96.2) | 421 (93.1) | 3251 (96.4) | ||
| Cockroaches | ||||||
| Yes | 256 (88.0) | 3121 (89.5) | 0.43 | 416 (92.2) | 2971 (88.9) | 0.03 |
| No | 35 (12.0) | 368 (10.5) | 35 (7.8) | 371 (11.1) | ||
| Any home dampness and mould | ||||||
| Yes | 179 (60.7) | 1924 (54.7) | 0.05 | 293 (64.8) | 1817 (53.9) | 0.001 |
| No | 116 (39.3) | 1593 (45.3) | 159 (35.2) | 1556 (46.1) | ||
| Duration of breastfeeding (month)* | ||||||
| 0 | 140 (48.3) | 1797 (51.9) | 0.55 | 204 (46.0) | 1741 (52.4) | 0.04 |
| 1–3 | 120 (41.4) | 1327 (38.3) | 195 (44.0) | 1257 (37.8) | ||
| 3–6 | 18 (6.2) | 177 (5.1) | 27 (6.1) | 169 (5.1) | ||
| ≥6 | 12 (4.1) | 163 (4.7) | 17 (3.9) | 157 (4.7) | ||
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||||
| ≥37 | 240 (83.3) | 3139 (91.4) | <0.001 | 56 (12.7) | 283 (8.6) | 0.005 |
| <37 | 48 (16.7) | 294 (8.6) | 385 (87.3) | 3010 (91.4) | ||
| Carpet used* | ||||||
| Yes | 26 (8.9) | 368 (10.5) | 0.39 | 50 (46.9) | 346 (10.3) | 0.61 |
| No | 266 (91.1) | 3135 (89.5) | 401 (88.9) | 3010 (89.7) | ||
| Pet | ||||||
| Yes | 171 (58.0) | 2052 (58.3) | 0.90 | 276 (61.1) | 1959 (58.1) | 0.23 |
| No | 124 (42.0) | 1465 (41.7) | 176 (38.9) | 1414 (41.9) | ||
| Parental atopy | ||||||
| Yes | 135 (45.8) | 886 (25.2) | <0.001 | 195 (43.1) | 827 (24.5) | <0.001 |
| No | 160 (54.2) | 2631 (74.8) | 257 (56.9) | 2546 (75.5) |
*
Number of subjects does not add up to total number because data were missing.