Table 4.
Complications of heterotopic gastric mucosa of the proximal esophagus reported in the literature
| Clinico-pathological classification | Conditions | Status | Numbers based on PubMed literature search |
| Type III | Stricture | Reported | 6 |
| Web | Reported | 4 | |
| Bleeding | Reported | 1 | |
| Fistula | Reported | 4 | |
| Perforation | Reported | 2 | |
| Polyp1 | Reported | 4 | |
| Type IV2 | Dysplasia | ||
| Low grade | Reported | None | |
| High grade | Reported | 3[32-34] | |
| Type V2 | Adenocarcinoma | ||
| Early (pT1 tumor) | Reported | 13[35-48] | |
| Advanced | Reported | 19[33,49-54] |
References for type III cases reported in the literature not included in the reference list.
1
Not included in the original classification proposed by von Rahden et al[1];
2
Number of cases of neoplastic transformation identified through literature searches up till December 2011.