(a) Strategy for the generation of VA-deleted vectors. F, FRT. Hatched box, GFP expression unit including EF1α promoter. An arrow shows the orientation of the transcription. (b) Removal of FVF fragment from the pre-vector AxdV-FVF-GFP genome. Total DNAs of infected HuH-7 cells were digested with KpnI, and the DNA fragment containing FVF and F was detected using a Southern blot technique using the probe shown in the figure (enzyme, positions). C5.9 refers to the 5.9-kb fragment derived from outside of this region (1.7-kb BglII fragment, nt 30823-82495), showing that the amounts of the vector genomes were almost the same. cc, uninfected control cells; P, pre-vector; D, VA-deleted AdV. (c) Detection of expressed VA RNAs. Total RNAs of the same infected HuH-7 cells were analyzed using a northern blot technique. 18 S, 18 S ribosomal RNA.