FIG. 4.

Gsta4 and 4-HNE-protein adduct immunolocalization. (A, B) Immunohistochemical labeling for Gsta4 in the hilus of a R5 rat at one day after traumatic brain injury on the contralateral and ipsilateral hilus, dentate gyrus, and part of CA3. (C, D) Immunohistochemical labeling of 4-HNE-protein adducts in the lesion and the surrounding cortex and hippocampus of a DA rat at one day after TBI with (D) showing a picture of hilus in higher magnification. (E, F) Confocal micrograph in the same DA rat of fluorescent triple immunolabeling with DAPI, the neuronal marker NeuN, and 4-HNE-protein adducts in the cortex (E) and hilus (F). Neuronal cells both at the contralateral (A) and ipsilateral (B) site of the injury express Gsta4 with a stronger labeling on the ipsilateral site. In addition, a strong labeling for 4-HNE-protein adducts is present in the blood derived infiltrating cells in the injury, as well as a diffuse labeling in the surrounding cortex and the hippocampus (C). Positive staining of a neuron in the hilus is indicated (D, arrow head). Cytoplasmic staining for 4-HNE-protein adducts is present in both neurons (arrow heads) and glia (arrows) in the cortex (E) and the hilus (F). Scale bars are 100 μm in A, B, E and F; 1 cm in C, and 15 μm in D. (To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars.)