Table 2.
Association between independent variables and dental caries in children aged 5 in Pelotas, Brazil (bivariate analysis, n = 1,120)
| Variable/category | Dental caries, n (%) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| no | yes | ||
| Total sample | 578 (51.65) | 542 (48.35) | |
| Sex | 0.043* | ||
| Male | 287 (48.81) | 301 (51.19) | |
| Female | 293 (54.87) | 241 (45.13) | |
| Family income at birth | <0.001** | ||
| 1st quartile | 114 (40.43) | 168 (39.57) | |
| 2nd quartile | 131 (45.80) | 155 (54.20) | |
| 3rd quartile | 179 (56.47) | 138 (43.53) | |
| 4th quartile | 156 (65.55) | 82 (34.45) | |
| Mother's educational level at birth, years | <0.001** | ||
| ≤4 | 57 (39.58) | 87 (60.42) | |
| 5–8 | 198 (44.90) | 243 (55.10) | |
| 9–11 | 222 (56.63) | 170 (43.37) | |
| ≥12 | 84 (68.29) | 39 (31.71) | |
| Water origin | 0.002* | ||
| Tap/filtered | 412 (49.16) | 426 (50.84) | |
| Mineral | 162 (60.45) | 106 (39.55) | |
| Wells/other | 5 (33.33) | 10 (66.67) | |
| Sweet consumption | <0.001** | ||
| Less than once a day | 180 (54.38) | 151 (45.62) | |
| Once a day | 197 (59.70) | 133 (40.30) | |
| Twice a day | 123 (52.79) | 110 (47.21) | |
| Three times or more | 78 (34.98) | 145 (65.02) | |
| Sweet drinks consumption | <0.001** | ||
| Less than once a day | 185 (53.78) | 159 (46.22) | |
| Once a day | 129 (62.62) | 77 (37.38) | |
| Twice a day | 99 (55.93) | 78 (44.07) | |
| Three times or more | 167 (42.28) | 228 (57.72) | |
| Black stains | 0.349* | ||
| No | 555 (51.34) | 526 (48.66) | |
| Yes | 23 (58.97) | 16 (41.03) | |
*
Fisher's exact test.
**
χ2 test for linear trend.