Table 5.

Unadjusted and adjust hazard ratios for IUD discontinuation at 10 months, by sociodemographic and other reproductive health risk factors

Characteristics	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P-value
Province
Sindh	1		1
Punjab	1.42 (0.99–2.04)	0.056	1.84 (1.21–2.81)	0.005
Age distribution (years)
≤25	1		1
>25–35	2.62 (1.37–5.02)	0.004	4.83 (2.32–10.07)	<0.001
>35–49	1.39 (0.58–3.35)	0.458	2.96 (1.09–8.08)	0.034
Education level
No formal education	1		1
Primary	0.93 (0.62–1.41)	0.744	0.81 (0.53–1.23)	0.323
Secondary	1.30 (0.78–2.15)	0.315	1.33 (0.77–2.31)	0.310
Intermediate and post-secondary	1.63 (0.71–3.78)	0.252	2.06 (0.85–4.99)	0.117
Number of live children
1–2	1		1
3–4	0.93 (0.57–1.52)	0.785	0.62 (0.36–1.06)	0.078
5+	1.12 (0.70–1.82)	0.646	0.65 (0.37–1.12)	0.117
Type of IUD
Multi-load	1		1
Copper-T	1.27 (0.78–2.04)	0.335	1.48 (0.88–2.49)	0.138
Contraception use before IUD insertion
Using a contraceptive method	1		1
Not using any method	1.43 (1.00–2.06)	0.050	2.41 (1.63–3.55)	<0.001
Experienced side effects post-IUD insertion
No	1		1
Yes	7.22 (4.66–11.21)	<0.001	9.78 (6.21–15.38)	<0.001
Reason for choosing IUD (most influential)
Suggested by someone	1		1
Self-perceived	0.88 (0.55–1.39)	0.794	0.94 (0.58–1.52)	0.794

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazards ratio; IUD, intrauterine device.