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. 2012 Nov 8;22(2):367–371. doi: 10.1007/s00586-012-2564-9

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The vertebral rotation (VR) is calculated by rasterstereography as the angle between the surface orientation (N) on spinous process line (the so-called symmetry line) and the normal (z) to the frontal plane of the reference system