Table 2. Univariate analysis of predictors associated with mortality.a .
| Total ESRD (N = 1028) | DM ESRD (N = 511) | |||||||||||
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | P Value | HR | 95% CI | P Value | ||||||
| Age at the time of dialysis (per year increase) | 1.07 | 1.04–1.09 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 1.05–1.12 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Gender (female) | 0.95 | 0.58–1.57 | 0.851 | 1.23 | 0.65–2.35 | 0.523 | ||||||
| Underlying kidney disease | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Ref | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 0.56 | 0.25–1.25 | 0.154 | |||||||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 0.63 | 0.30–1.30 | 0.207 | |||||||||
| Polycystic kidney disease | 0.59 | 0.08–4.27 | 0.598 | |||||||||
| Others | 0.70 | 0.25–1.96 | 0.497 | |||||||||
| Unknown | 1.17 | 0.49–2.77 | 0.727 | |||||||||
| Number of visits to nephrologist from referral to dialysis | ||||||||||||
| None | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| 1 time | 0.79 | 0.28–2.27 | 0.668 | 0.71 | 0.14–3.52 | 0.675 | ||||||
| 2 times or more | 0.52 | 0.23–1.15 | 0.104 | 0.43 | 0.13–1.41 | 0.163 | ||||||
| Late referral (ref = Early referral) | 2.16 | 1.32–3.53 | 0.002 | 2.42 | 1.26–4.64 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Emergency HD (ref = no) | 1.63 | 1.00–2.67 | 0.053 | 1.08 | 0.57–2.04 | 0.812 | ||||||
| Hospitalization (ref = no) | 2.75 | 1.66–4.56 | <0.001 | 2.07 | 1.05–4.07 | 0.035 | ||||||
| Findings at the time of dialysis | ||||||||||||
| Modified Charlson co-morbidity index | 1.33 | 1.22–1.46 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 1.10–1.43 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Davies co-morbidity index | 1.65 | 1.32–2.06 | <0.001 | 1.44 | 1.00–2.07 | 0.052 | ||||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 1.13 | 1.06–1.20 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.99–1.17 | 0.090 | ||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 1.02 | 0.88–1.18 | 0.775 | 0.93 | 0.75–1.15 | 0.505 | ||||||
| Transferrin saturation (%) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.692 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.865 | ||||||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 0.99 | 0.77–1.27 | 0.922 | |||||||||
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 0.95 | 0.86–1.06 | 0.365 | 1.01 | 0.88–1.15 | 0.891 | ||||||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 1.11 | 0.88–1.40 | 0.392 | 0.91 | 0.65–1.27 | 0.571 | ||||||
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 0.82 | 0.71–0.95 | 0.007 | 0.82 | 0.67–1.01 | 0.060 | ||||||
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.883 | ||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.958 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.620 | ||||||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 0.98 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.082 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.915 | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.92 | 0.85–1.00 | 0.046 | 0.84 | 0.75–0.95 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.192 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.386 | ||||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.568 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.456 | ||||||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.146 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.231 | ||||||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.438 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.684 | ||||||
a
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BP, blood pressure; HD, hemodialysis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.