Table 1.
Characteristics and results of studies included in meta-analysis
| Study | Drug | Type | Mean maternal age | Time of Ex |
Spontaneous abortion |
Major Mal |
Cardiovascular Mal |
Minor Mal |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ex | Non-Ex | Ex | Non-Ex | Ex | Non-Ex | Ex | Non-Ex | |||||
| Nordeng et al. 2012 [7] |
Citalopram Escitalopram Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Prospective cohort |
ND |
First trimester |
- |
- |
12/462 |
1550/61648 |
6/462 |
541/61648 |
13/462 |
1279/61648 |
| Malm et al. 2011 [8] |
Citalopram Escitalopram Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Retrospective cohort |
29.6 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
303/6976 |
22305/623402 |
116/6976 |
8137/623402 |
- |
- |
| Colvin et al. 2011 [9] |
Citalopram Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline |
|
30.2 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
115/2701 |
3834/94561 |
30/2701 |
661/94561 |
30/6976 |
737/623402 |
| Kornum et al. 2010 [10] |
paroxetine fluoxetine citalopram escitalopram sertraline |
Prospective |
30.15 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
- |
- |
26/2062 |
1403/213712 |
- |
- |
| Merlob et al. 2009 [11] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Escitalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine Venlafaxine |
Prospective |
ND |
First trimester |
- |
- |
8/235 |
1083/67636 |
8/235 |
1083/67636 |
- |
- |
| Wichman et al. 2009 [12] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Escitalopram Sertraline Venlafaxine |
Retrospective cohort |
ND |
Throughout |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3/808 |
205/24406 |
- |
- |
| Einarson et al. 2009 [13] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Prospective cohort |
ND |
First trimester |
- |
- |
19/506 |
25/928 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Diav-Citrin et al. 2008 [14] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine |
Prospective Cohort |
31.5 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
30/601 |
34/1359 |
14/601 |
8/1359 |
- |
- |
| Oberlander et al. 2008 [15] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Retrospective cohort |
29.6 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
75/2459 |
3369/107320 |
18/2459 |
512/107320 |
- |
- |
| Einarson et al. 2008 [16] |
Paroxetine |
Retrospective cohort |
ND |
Throughout |
- |
- |
- |
- |
9/1174 |
9/1174 |
- |
- |
| Källén et al. 2007 [17] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Escitalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Retrospective cohort |
ND |
First trimester |
- |
- |
- |
- |
78/6555 |
11367/873876 |
- |
- |
| Wen et al. 2006 [18] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Retrospective |
ND |
Throughout |
- |
- |
20/961 |
76/3861 |
- |
- |
35/961 |
133/3861 |
| Wogelius et al. 2006 [19] |
ND, any SSRI |
Retrospective cohort |
ND |
First trimester |
- |
- |
51/1051 |
5112/150780 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Vial et al. 2006 [20] |
Paroxetine |
Prospective cohort |
31 |
First trimester |
80/683 |
31/683 |
12/535 |
10/631 |
3/535 |
3/631 |
1/535 |
1/631 |
| Sivojelezova et al. 2005 [21] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Sertraline |
Prospective cohort |
31.9 |
First trimester |
27/264 |
13/132 |
4/223 |
1/118 |
2/223 |
- |
- |
- |
| Malm et al. 2005 [22] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Citalopram Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Retrospective cohort |
30 |
Throughout |
- |
- |
75/1767 |
62/1779 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Casper et al. 2003 [23] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Prospective cohort |
35.7 |
Throughout |
- |
- |
1/31 |
1/13 |
1/31 |
0/13 |
24/31 |
7/13 |
| Costei et al. 2002 [24] |
Paroxetine |
Prospective, controlled cohort |
32.9 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
0/27 |
0/27 |
0/27 |
0/27 |
- |
- |
| Diav-Citrin et al. 2002 [25] |
Paroxetine |
Prospective cohort |
31 |
Throughout |
29/236 |
44/629 |
7/196 |
12/580 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Simon et al. 2002 [26] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
|
ND |
Throughout |
- |
- |
12/185 |
9/185 |
1/185 |
2/185 |
- |
- |
| Einarson et al. 2001 [27] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Prospective controlled cohort |
ND |
First trimester |
16/150 |
11/150 |
3/124 |
1/137 |
1/124 |
1/137 |
- |
- |
| Kulin et al. 1998 [28] |
Paroxetine Fluoxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine |
Prospective controlled cohort |
31 |
First trimester |
30/267 |
21/267 |
9/222 |
9/235 |
2/222 |
4/235 |
- |
- |
| Nulman et al. 1997 [29] |
Fluoxetine |
Prospective cohort |
30.5 |
First trimester |
- |
- |
2/55 |
2/84 |
2/55 |
2/84 |
- |
- |
| Chambers et al. 1996 [30] |
Fluoxetine |
Prospective cohort |
31 |
First trimester |
23/169 |
22/254 |
9/164 |
9/226 |
3/164 |
1/226 |
56/97 |
119/153 |
| Pastuszak et al. 1993 [31] | Fluoxetine | ND | First trimester | 19/128 | 10/128 | 9/28 | 2/110 | 1/98 | 0/110 | - | - | |
ND: not determined, SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.