(A-C) Endogenous Med31 in NIH/3T3 cells is primarily nuclear localized, although cytoplasmic localization is also noticed. (D-F) expression of Elmo1-GFP resulted in increased levels of cytoplasmic Med31 in 85% of transfected cell compared to only 15% of cells expressing (G-I) Elmo1 AxxA-GFP. Transfected cells with (arrow) and without (arrowhead) increased cytoplasmic localization of endogenous Med31. (J-X) Med31 shows increased cytoplasmic localization when coexpressed with Elmo1 proteins or fragments that interact with Med31. Cells expressing GST-Med31 with GFP-tagged versions of the indicated Elmo1 proteins were visualized by immunofluorescence. Scale bar is 10µm. Y. Immunoblotting of whole cell lysates, cytoplasmic extracts, and nuclear extracts from 293T cells expressing GST-Med31, Elmo1-FLAG, or both. GAPDH was used as a cytoplasmic marker, p53 as a nuclear marker, and β-actin as a loading control.