Table 2.
Ambulatory measurements
| |
Controls |
GDM and diet |
GDM and insulin |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Variable |
1.visit |
2.visit |
1.visit |
2.visit |
1.visit |
2.visit |
| mean ± SD | (N = 32) | (N = 27) | (N = 42) | (N = 25) | (N = 10) | (N = 6) |
| Systolic BP office (mmHg |
109.1 ± 7.5 |
103.5 ± 7.8 ♦ |
112.7 ± 10.4 |
111.9 ± 21.8 |
116.5 ± 15.9* |
115.5 ± 12.1* |
| Diastolic BP office (mmHg) |
68.9 ± 6.3 |
70.1 ± 5.7 |
70.1 ± 9.0 |
71.8 ± 8.7 |
75.0 ± 7.8* |
79.8 ± 9.4* |
| Systolic BP whole 24 h (mmHg) |
114.5 ± 7.0 |
112.0 ± 7.4 |
115.2 ± 9.0 |
113.8 ± 10.5 |
123.1±13.3†* |
120.3 ± 6.0* |
| Diastolic BP whole 24 h (mmHg) |
71.0 ± 5.9 |
71.7 ± 6.3 |
68.8 ± 7.4 |
69.8 ± 8.8 |
74.3 ± 8.4† |
77.5 ± 6.6 |
| Heart Rate 24 h (bpm) |
81.8 ± 9.1 |
69.0 ± 8.6 ♦ |
85.5 ± 10.6 |
72.9 ± 9.2♦ |
80.6 ± 6.6 |
75.0 ± 6.8♦ |
| Systolic BP daytime (mmHg) |
117.7 ± 7.0 |
115.2 ± 7.4 |
119.3 ± 9.4 |
117.7 ± 10.5 |
125.8 ± 13.2* |
123.8 ± 8.5* |
| Diastolic BP daytime (mmHg) |
74.8 ± 5.7 |
75.3 ± 5.9 |
73.2 ± 8.0 |
73.9 ± 8.5 |
77.4 ± 8.2 |
81.0 ± 8.7 |
| Heart rate daytime (bpm) |
85.4 ± 9.6 |
73.5 ± 9.2 ♦ |
89.4 ± 11.0 |
77.2 ± 9.2♦ |
94.1 ± 6.9 |
78.8 ± 7.5♦ |
| Systolic BP night (mmHg) |
107.2 ± 8.0 |
105.7 ± 8.6 |
106.7 ± 9.3 |
106.1 ± 11.9 |
116.7± 15.0†* |
115.7 ± 4.4* |
| Diastolic BP night (mmHg) |
62.3 ± 7.2 |
64.7 ± 7.6 ♦ |
59.6 ± 7.3 |
61.0 ± 10.0 |
67.0 ± 9.5† |
72.3 ± 5.3 †* |
| Heart rate night (bpm) |
73.3 ± 9.0 |
59.4 ± 9.0 ♦ |
76.7 ± 10.5 |
63.5 ± 9.8♦ |
72.9 ± 7.8 |
67.0 ± 9.4 |
| Nocturnal syst. dipping (mmHg) |
10.5 ± 4.3 |
9.4 ± 5.3 |
12.6 ± 5.7 |
11.8 ± 5.8 |
9.1 ± 5.3 |
8.2 ± 5.6 |
| Nocturnal diast. dipping (mmHg) |
12.6 ± 3.8 |
10.6 ± 4.2 ♦ |
13.6 ± 4.7 |
12.8 ± 5.0 |
10.4 ± 5.9 |
8.7 ± 3.9 |
| AASI | 0.22 ± 0.13 | 0.21 ± 0.13 | 0.23 ± 0.12 | 0.17 ± 0.09♦ | 0.29 ± 0.21 | 0.33 ± 0.09 †* |
1. visit, during pregnancy, 2. Visit, three months after delivery. BP, blood pressure, AASI, ambulatory arterial stiffness index, bpm, beats per minute. *, significant difference when compared to the control group, †, significant difference when compared to the GDM diet group, ♦, significant difference when compared to 1.visit. Significant difference = p <0.05.