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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 25.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Dis. 2012 Aug 25;0:169–176. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.08.013

Figure 4. Modulation of NMDA excitotoxicity by a Tat immune complex.

Figure 4

Mixed rat neuronal cultures were exposed to Tat1–72, anti-Tat antibody, NMDA, and/or kainic acid. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured 15–18 hours later. (A) NMDA alone caused toxicity versus untreated controls (p<0.001). Antibody alone demonstrated no protective effect against NMDA excitotoxicity, but the combination of Tat and anti-Tat antibody was neuroprotective against NMDA (p<0.01). (B) Kainic acid alone caused toxicity versus untreated controls (p<0.001), but neither the anti-Tat antibody alone nor the Tat immune complex demonstrated a protective effect against kainate-mediated excitotoxicity. Concentrations: Tat 200nM, antibody 5ng/μl, NMDA 125 μM, kainic acid 50 μM. Data represents mean ± SEM of at least four independent experiments, analyzed by ANOVA with Neumann-Keuls post-test.