Table 2.
Contrast of the spatial 2-back task compared to the vigilance task. Only clusters with > 20 voxels are presented in this table. All voxels are significant at a voxel-wise p = .025 and whole-brain corrected α < .01. For clusters > 2,000 voxels, the cluster was subjected to increasing voxel-wise and cluster-wise thresholds until the cluster fragmented into smaller parts (Andrews-Hanna et al., 2011). Local peaks within these clusters are presented below the larger cluster. Peak coordinates for the clusters are presented in Talairach coordinates.
| Brain Region | BA | Voxels | x | y | z | t- statistic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FHN | ||||||
| Spatial 2-back > Vigilance | ||||||
| Bilateral Frontal-Parietal Cluster | -- | 8,781 | 1.5 | 25.5 | −21.5 | 3.70 |
| R and L Precuneus, SPL, IPL | 7, 40, 39 | -- | 1.5 | −67.5 | 53.5 | 5.04 |
| R DLPFC, MFG, dorsal ACC | 9/46, 6, 8, 10, 24 | -- | 34.5 | 55.5 | −9.5 | 5.11 |
| L MFG | 6 | -- | −28.5 | 1.5 | 56.5 | 4.90 |
| L MFG, SFG | 10 | -- | −28.5 | 58.5 | 5.5 | 4.88 |
| L DLPFC | 9/46 | -- | −46.5 | 22.5 | 32.5 | 4.69 |
| R Cerebellum | -- | 147 | 34.5 | −28.5 | −30.5 | 3.13 |
| L Cerebellum | -- | 68 | −37.5 | −34.5 | 33.5 | 2.86 |
| Vigilance > Spatial 2-back | ||||||
| L Cuneus | 18 | 565 | −4.5 | −85.5 | 26.5 | 3.39 |
| L Lingual Gyrus | 18, 19 | 109 | −13.5 | −49.5 | 2.5 | 3.12 |
| FHP | ||||||
| Spatial 2-back > Vigilance | ||||||
| Bilateral Parietal Cluster | -- | 4,223 | 1.5 | −61.5 | 56.5 | 4.45 |
| R and L Precuneus, SPL, IPL | 7, 40, 39 | 2,318 | 1.5 | −61.5 | 56.5 | 5.46 |
| Bilateral Frontal Cluster | -- | 3,477 | 28.5 | 4.5 | 59.5 | 3.96 |
| R DLPFC, MFG | 6, 8, 9 | 1,283 | 28.5 | 4.5 | 59.5 | 5.19 |
| R MFG | 10 | 97 | 34.5 | 61.5 | 5.5 | 4.54 |
| L Cerebellum | -- | 471 | −34.5 | −37.5 | −36.5 | 3.25 |
| R Cerebellum | -- | 336 | 43.5 | −58.5 | −36.5 | 3.26 |
| L MFG | 10 | 241 | −22.5 | 64.5 | −3.5 | 3.37 |
| L MTG, Fusiform Gyrus, Middle OCC | 20, 19, 37 | 222 | −43.5 | −73.5 | −9.5 | 2.94 |
| Corpus Callosum | -- | 124 | 1.5 | −25.5 | 26.5 | 3.18 |
| R MTG, Fusiform Gyrus, Middle OCC | 21, 19, 37 | 101 | 52.5 | −52.5 | −9.5 | 3.10 |
| L Thalamus | -- | 100 | −1.5 | −7.5 | −6.5 | 2.96 |
| R Insula | 13 | 99 | 31.5 | 22.5 | 2.5 | 3.48 |
| L Insula | 13 | 87 | −28.5 | 22.5 | 2.5 | 3.58 |
| Vigilance > Spatial 2-back | ||||||
| Bilateral Posterior Cluster | -- | 2,850 | −10.5 | −91.5 | 29.5 | 3.71 |
| R and L Cuneus, Lingual Gyrus R Parahippocampal Gyrus |
18, 17 36 |
708 | −10.5 | −91.5 | 29.5 | 4.86 |
| L pCC, Lingual Gyrus | 30, 18, 19 | 181 | −7.5 | −52.5 | 8.5 | 4.48 |
| L Medial Frontal Gyrus, ACC | 9, 10, 32 | 663 | −1.5 | 61.5 | 11.5 | 3.20 |
| L Precentral Gyrus | 4 | 234 | −40.5 | −13.5 | 59.5 | 3.18 |
| L IPL, Postcentral Gyrus | 40 | 214 | −64.5 | −22.5 | 20.5 | 2.89 |
| R MTG | 21 | 198 | 55.5 | 13.5 | −12.5 | 2.95 |
| L IFG | 47 | 152 | −46.5 | 25.5 | −12.5 | 3.31 |
| L STG, Parahippocampal Gyrus | 34 | 143 | −31.5 | 7.5 | −15.5 | 3.06 |
| R Precentral Gyrus | 6 | 89 | 40.5 | −13.5 | 59.5 | 3.22 |
| FHN > FHP* | ||||||
| Spatial 2-back > Vigilance | ||||||
| R MFG, DLPFC | 10, 9/46 | 1444 | 4.5 | 22.5 | −21.5 | 2.80 |
BA = Brodmann Area. DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, MFG = middle frontal gyrus, ACC = anterior cingulate cortex, SFG = superior frontal gyrus, IFG = inferior frontal gyrus, SPL = superior parietal lobule, IPL = inferior parietal lobule, pCC = posterior cingulate cortex, MTG = middle temporal gyrus, OCC = occipital cortex, STG = superior temporal gyrus.
a region of ventral medial prefrontal cortex was also significant in the analyses, but was not included due to insufficient coverage across participants in this region.