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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Dyn. 2012 Dec 5;242(1):80–94. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.23903

Table 2.

Anatomical definitions of skull landmarks collected from µCT images and shown on Fig 1. Skull regions: G- global skull; F- facial skeleton; B- cranial base; V- cranial vault; P- palate. These landmarks may be viewed at: http://www.getahead.psu.edu/LandmarkNewVersion/P0mouseskull_updated_applet.html

Landmark
(Left, Right)
Anatomical definition Skull
region
1, 2 Most antero-medial point of the nasal bone G, F
3, 4 Most postero-medial point of the nasal bone G, F
5, 6 Intersection of frontal process of maxilla with frontal and lacrimal bones G, F
7, 8 Intersection of malar with zygomatic process of maxilla, taken on maxilla F
9, 10 Intersection of malar with zygomatic process of maxilla, taken on malar F
11, 12 Intersection of zygoma with zygomatic process of temporal, taken on zygoma G, F
13, 14 Most anterior point of the anterior palatine foramen G, F
15, 16 Most posterior point of the anterior palatine foramen G, F
17, 18 Most infero-lateral point of the premaxillary-maxillary suture, taken on premaxilla G, F
19 Midline point on the premaxilla between the incisor and the nasal cavity just anterior of the incisive foramen, right side only G, F
20 Most antero-superior point of the vomer G, F
21 Most posterior point of the vomer G, B
22 Most anterior point of the indentation in the center of the presphenoid G, B
23, 24 Most anterior point on the anterior projection on the presphenoid G, B
25, 26 Postero-medial point of the inferior portion of the left alisphenoid G, B
27, 28 Most antero-lateral indentation at the posterior edge of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone G, F
29, 30 Most posterior tip of the medial pterygoid process G, B
31, 32 Most antero-lateral point on corner of the basioccipital at the basi occipital synchondrosis G, B
33, 34 Most infero-lateral point on the squamous occipital G, V
35 Mid-point on the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, taken on basioccipital G, B
36 Mid-point on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, taken on squamosal occipital G, B
37, 38 Superior posterior point on the ectocranial surface of occipital lateralis on the foramen magnum G, B
39, 40 Most posterior point on the posterior extension of the forming squamosal G, V
41, 42 Most lateral intersection of the frontal and parietal bones, taken on the frontal V
43, 44 Most lateral intersection of the frontal and parietal bones, taken on the parietal V
49, 50 Most postero-medial point on the parietal G, V
51 Most antero-medial point on the body of the sphenoid G, B
P1, P2 Most anterolateral point on the posterior palatine plate P
P3, P4 Most anteriomedial point on the posterior palatine plate P
P5, P6 Most posteromedial point on the posterior palatine plate P
P7, P8 Most posterolateral point on the posterior palatine plate P