Table 2.
Chinese herbal medicine plus biomedical treatment versus biomedical treatment alone for treating myocardial infarction: random-effect meta-analysis.
| Events | No. of studies | No. of events/total no. | Combined effect | Test for heterogeneity | Adjusted combined effect (trim and fill) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHM + BM group | BM group | RR (95% CI) | RRR (%) (95% CI) | P value# | χ 2 statistic | P value* | I 2 (%) | RR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) |
P value# | ||
| Fatal events | ||||||||||||
| All-cause mortality | 44 | 308/5107 | 521/5112 | 0.63 (0.55–0.72) |
37% (28%–45%) |
<0.001 | 37.47 | 0.709 | 0.0 | 0.71 (0.60–0.84) |
29% (16%–40%) |
<0.001 |
| Mortality of cardiac origin | 10 | 142/2820 | 227/2796 | 0.61 (0.48–0.78) |
39% (22%–52%) | <0.001 | 11.66 | 0.233 | 22.8 | 0.68 (0.54–0.85) |
32% (15%–46%) |
0.001 |
| Fatal myocardial reinfarction | 6 | 20/2660 | 37/2687 | 0.46 (0.19–1.12) |
54% (12%–81%) | 0.086 | 7.98 | 0.157 | 37.3 | — | — | |
| Fatal cardiac arrhythmia | 3 | 4/162 | 5/160 | 0.71 (0.16–3.22) |
29% (84%–222%) |
0.662 | 2.21 | 0.331 | 9.6 | — | — | |
| Fatal heart failure | 5 | 8/410 | 18/444 | 0.48 (0.21–1.09) |
52% (9%–79%) |
0.078 | 0.06 | 1.000 | 0.0 | — | — | |
| Fatal cardiogenic shock | 4 | 37/330 | 58/332 | 0.72 (0.55–0.95) |
28% (5%–45%) |
0.019 | 2.42 | 0.490 | 0.0 | — | — | |
| Sudden cardiac death | 9 | 61/2775 | 81/2795 | 0.76 (0.55–1.06) |
24% (6%–45%) |
0.104 | 3.13 | 0.926 | 0.0 | — | — | |
| Nonfatal events | ||||||||||||
| Undifferentiated total heart events | 11 | 209/2762 | 407/2761 | 0.52 (0.44–0.60) |
48% (40%–56%) |
<0.001 | 8.99 | 0.533 | 0.0 | 0.52 (0.44–0.62) |
48% (38%–56%) |
<0.001 |
| Myocardial reinfarction | 23 | 103/2377 | 215/2343 | 0.48 (0.39–0.61) |
52% (39%–61%) | <0.001 | 9.95 | 0.987 | 0.0 | 0.53 (0.43–0.66) |
47% (34%–57%) |
<0.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 30 | 398/1730 | 640/1696 | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) |
41% (27%–52%) | <0.001 | 121.94 | 0.000 | 76.2 | 0.72 (0.58–0.89) |
28% (11%–42%) |
0.003 |
| Heart failure | 28 | 249/1825 | 496/1835 | 0.52 (0.42–0.64) |
48% (36%–58%) |
<0.001 | 51.86 | 0.003 | 47.9 | 0.60 (0.50–0.72) |
40% (28%–50%) |
<0.001 |
| Cardiac rupture | 3 | 2/122 | 7/134 | 0.44 (0.11–1.67) |
56% (67%–89%) |
0.224 | 0.60 | 0.740 | 0.0 | — | — | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 14 | 63/1015 | 110/1030 | 0.63 (0.47–0.85) |
37% (15%–53%) |
0.002 | 10.65 | 0.640 | 0.0 | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) |
25% (2%–43%) |
0.036 |
| Angina | 24 | 177/1047 | 297/1001 | 0.47 (0.39–0.56) |
53% (44%–61%) |
<0.001 | 22.20 | 0.508 | 0.0 | 0.58 (0.48–0.69) |
42% (31%–52%) |
<0.001 |
| Adverse events | ||||||||||||
| Undifferentiated total events | 2 | 43/2434 | 39/2436 | 1.16 (0.59–2.27) |
16% (41%–127%) |
0.664 | 2.19 | 0.138 | 54.4 | — | — | |
| Bleeding | 9 | 81/706 | 81/745 | 0.97 (0.73–1.28) |
3% (27%-28%) |
0.816 | 4.89 | 0.769 | 0.0 | — | — | |
#Test for overall effect; *chi-square test for heterogeneity.
BM: biomedical treatment; CHM: Chinese herbal medicine treatment; RR: relative risk; RRR: relative risk reduction; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.