China |
Newborn |
Cord blood
|
Median 3.61 versus 1.25 μg/L (n = 289 e-waste exposed versus n = 134 unexposed) [50] |
Mean 4.84 versus 2.81 μg/L (n = 289 e-waste exposed versus n = 134 unexposed) [50] |
Newborn |
Cord blood |
Median 0.6 μg/L (range 0.02–1.78), n = 109 [51] |
Newborn |
Cord blood |
GMean 0.36 μg/L (range 0.02–1.48), n = 44 [52] |
|
India |
Newborn |
Cord blood |
GMean 0.6 μg/L, n = 296 [53] |
|
Mexico |
6–11 years |
Urine |
Mean 4.7 μg/L, n = 35 [45] |
6–12 years |
Urine |
GMean 0.78 μg/L, n = 229 [49] |
|
Poland |
6-7 years |
Whole blood |
GMean 0.6 μg/L, n = 183 [54] |
8–12 years |
Whole blood
|
GMean 0.19 versus 0.08 μg/L (n = 50 exposed versus n = 45 unexposed females) [37] |
GMean 0.19 versus 0.07 μg/L (n = 42 exposed versus n = 35 unexposed males) [37] |
8–12 years
|
Urine
|
GMean 0.56 versus 0.45 μg/g creatinine (n = 49 exposed versus 50 unexposed females) [37] |
GMean 0.68 versus 0.44 μg/g creatinine (n = 44 exposed versus 35 unexposed males [37] |
|
South Korea |
4–10 years |
Whole blood |
GMean 1.51 μg/L (range 0.05–6.00), n = 38 [55] |
4–10 years
|
Urine
|
GMean 1.33 μg/L (range 0.02–5.25), n = 38 [55] |
GMean 1.69 μg/g creatinine (range 0.43–3.92), n = 38 [55] |
|
Taiwan |
Newborn |
Cord blood |
Mean 0.67 μg/L, median 0.33 μg/L, n = 402 [56] |