Table 3.
Characteristics of subjects with diabetes detected by OGTT only, HbA1c only, and both, and by OGTT components (FPG and isolated 2hPG) in the Tromsø OGTT Study.
| Subjects without diabetes | All subjects with diabetes | Subjects with diabetes detected by | Subjects with diabetes detected by OGTT regardless of HbA1c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c only | OGTT only | Both HbA1c and OGTT | Raised FPG (regardless of 2hPG) | Isolated raised 2hPG | |||
| N | 3182 | 294 | 95 | 130 | 69 | 119 | 80 |
| Women (%) | 49.9 | 44.6 | 44.2 | 44.6 | 44.9 | 36.1† | 57.5 |
| Age (years) | 60.7 ± 10.3 | 64.5 ± 8.6 | 63.7 ± 10.0 | 64.7 ± 7.4 | 65.3 ± 8.8 | 64.0 ± 8.6† | 66.3 ± 6.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 4.3 | 29.7 ± 5.2 | 29.2 ± 6.0 | 29.5 ± 4.5 | 30.9 ± 5.1 | 30.6 ± 4.9† | 29.1 ± 4.4 |
| Smokers (%) | 23.4 | 23.5 | 28.4 | 19.2 | 24.6 | 19.3 | 23.8 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139 ± 22 | 147 ± 24 | 140 ± 22* | 150 ± 22 | 151 ± 28 | 150 ± 25 | 151 ± 23 |
| PAS (hours/week) | 0.94 (0.0, 4.5) | 0.38 (0.0, 4.5) | 0.94 (0.0, 4.5)* | 0.38 (0.0, 4.5) | 0.38 (0.0, 3.0) | 0.38 (0.0, 4.5) | 0.19 (0.0, 4.5) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.1* | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.4† | 6.2 ± 0.3 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.96 | 6.0 ± 0.6* | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 0.7† | 6.1 ± 0.6 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 9.8 ± 3.3 | 7.0 ± 2.1* | 11.1 ± 2.8 | 11.2 ± 3.3 | 10.2 ± 3.4† | 12.5 ± 1.3 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.18 ± 1.65 | 4.18 ± 3.56 | 3.38 ± 2.79* | 4.34 ± 4.05 | 4.96 ± 3.31 | 5.34 ± 4.51† | 3.38 ± 1.97 |
| QUICKI | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.06* | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03† | 0.33 ± 0.04 |
| ISI0.120 | 4.77 ± 1.25 | 4.01 ± 1.27 | 4.42 ± 1.61* | 3.87 ± 1.07 | 3.71 ± 0.92 | 3.72 ± 0.94 | 3.96 ± 1.12 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.32 ± 0.81 | 1.64 ± 0.94 | 1.34 ± 0.59* | 1.80 ± 1.16 | 1.78 ± 0.75 | 1.76 ± 0.90 | 1.84 ± 1.21 |
Data are means ± SD or median (5, 95 percentile). Logistic regression was used for categorical variables and univariate analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. ∗ P < 0.05 as compared to OGTT only. † P < 0.05 as compared to isolated raised 2hPG. Abbreviations: Haemoglobin A1c: HbA1c; oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT; fasting plasma glucose, FPG; 2-hour plasma glucose: 2hPG; systolic blood pressure: SBP; physical activity score: PAS; homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance: HOMA-IR; quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index: QUICKI; insulin sensitivity index, ISI0.120; triglycerides, TG.