Table 1. Lesion sites associated with speech comprehension and production impairments.
Blacked out cells indicate lesion-symptom relationship with reference source, see key below.
| LESION SITE | COMPREHENSION | PRODUCTION | SYNTAX | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOBE | REGION | Nonfluent | Apraxia | Repeat | Persev’ | Gram’ | |
| Insula | B4, B6 | D6,Bo7 | K0 | ||||
| Frontal | K0 | ||||||
| IFG / sensorimotor | B7 | Bo7, K7 | |||||
| iFG/mFG dorsal | B3, D4, A7a | ||||||
| iFG/mFG ventral | D4 | A7a | |||||
| sup. long. fasciculus | B4 | ||||||
| Parietal | B3 S4a | K0, B6 | |||||
| angular g | |||||||
| post. temp-parietal | A7a | ||||||
| Temporal | post. temp | Bo7 | W4 | ||||
| ant. temp | Bo7 | W4 | |||||
| post. sup. temp | K0, S4a,B7,S9 | A7a | |||||
| ant. sup. temp | D4 | ||||||
| middle temp | B3,D4,S4a,B7,S9 | ||||||
| Subcortical | putamen | K0, B6 | |||||
| caudate | K0 | ||||||
Blacked out cells indicate a lesion-symptom relationship
Abbreviations
Repeat Auditory repetition
Gram’ grammaticality
Persev’ perseveration
sup. long. fasciculus superior longitudinal fasciculus
IFG inferior frontal gyrus
mFG middle frontal gyrus
angular g. angular gyrus.
temp-parietal temporo-parietal
temp. temporal
sup. temp superior temporal
post. posterior
ant. Anterior
Source
A7a Amici (2007a)53
A7b Amici (2007b)54
B3 Bates (2003)55
B6 Baldo et al. (2006)56
B7 Baldo et al. (2007)57
Bo7 Borovsky et al. (2007)58
D4 Dronkers(2004)59
D6 Dronkers (1996)60
K0 Kreisler (2000)32
K7 Kinkingnéhun (2007)61
S4 Saygin auditory (2004)62
S9 Specht et al. (2009)63
W4 Wilson and Saygin (2004)64