Table 1.

Conceptual framework

Hogwood and Gunn's 10 preconditions for implementation (27)
Stage	Description of the practice
External constraints	Circumstances external to the implementing agency do not impose crippling constraints
Time and resources	Adequate time and sufficient resources are made available to the programme
Resource combination	The required combination of resources is available
Theory-based policy	The policy to be implemented is based on a valid theory of cause and effect
Cause/effect relations	The relationship between cause and effect is direct and that there are few, if any intervening links
Dependency relationships	The dependency relationships are minimal
Agreements of objectives	There is agreement of, and understanding on, objectives
Events sequencing	The tasks are fully specified in correct sequence
Communication/coordination	There is perfect communication and coordination
Total compliance	Those in authority can demand and obtain perfect compliance