The activation ratio of mRNA levels of 20E- and JH-response genes in insects injected with Tcbr dsRNA. The mRNA levels of 20E-response genes (Broad, EcRA, EcRB, HR3, FTZ-F1, E74, E75A and E75B) and JH-response genes (JHE and Kr-h1b) were determined in insects injected with Tcbr dsRNA using qRT-PCR. Tcbr dsRNA injected at 24 h AEFL and total RNA was extracted from pools of three larvae for each treatment at 4 days after injection. cDNAs prepared from the RNA were used for qRT-PCR analysis. The mRNA levels were normalized using the levels of rp49 as an internal control. The expression levels of each gene in the corresponding control insects injected with malE dsRNA was set as 1 (dashed line). Mean ± SE for three independent experiments are shown.