Table 5.
Multivariate predictors of higher risk sexual behaviour in the previous six months (adjusted OR [95% CI])
| Covariate | <100% condom use (55.2%, n = 397)† | <100% condom use w/HIV-positive (3.6%, n = 391)‡ | Casual sex partners (34.6%, n = 399)§ | >2 sex partners (12.5%, n = 399)†† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender‡‡ | ||||
| Male (vs. female) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.90)§§* | 1.44 (0.43, 4.87) | 4.75 (2.88, 7.81)** | 12.33 (4.70, 32.40)** |
| Age‡‡ | ||||
| <25 years (vs. ≥25 years) | 0.60 (0.40, 0.90)†††* | 1.04 (0.35, 3.16) | 0.97 (0.60, 1.55) | 1.47 (0.73, 2.97) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single (vs. married, divorced, separated or widowed) | NS‡‡‡ | NI | NS | NI |
| Education | ||||
| High school or less (vs. college or university degree) | NS | NI | NI | NI |
| Household occupants | ||||
| >5 residents (vs. ≤5 residents) | NS | 4.15 (1.24, 13.89)* | NS | NI |
| Per capita household income | ||||
| Below the poverty line (vs. at or above the poverty line) | NI§§§ | NI | NI | NI |
| Employment status | ||||
| Unemployed (vs. employed) | NI | NI | NS | NI |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| ≥1 day of heavy drinking in past 6 months (vs. 0 days) | NS | NS | 3.01 (1.86, 4.87)** | 3.09 (1.39, 6.87)** |
| Drug use | ||||
| Any recreational drug use in past 6 months (vs. no use) | 2.27 (1.08, 4.78)* | 5.09 (1.41, 18.37)* | NS | NS |
| Age of sexual debut | ||||
| <18 years (vs. ≥18 years) | NI | NS | NS | NS |
| Sexual debut | ||||
| Forced first encounter (vs. not forced) | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| STD history, ever | ||||
| Yes (vs. no) | NS | NI | NI | NI |
| Rationale for partner choice | ||||
| Not HIV knowledge/safety oriented (vs. HIV protection oriented) | NI | NI | 2.09 (1.16, 3.76)* | NI |
| Partner age | ||||
| ≥1 partner older or younger by at least 15 years (vs. 0 partners) | NI | NI | NS | 5.97 (1.54, 23.13)** |
| Partner’s migrant labour | ||||
| Travels for work (vs. does not travel for work) | NS | NI | 2.40 (1.33, 4.34)** | 4.53 (2.05,9.99)** |
| Sex act profile | ||||
| Includes dry sex, fisting, rimming or sharing sexual toys (vs. not) | NI | NI | NS | NS |
P < 0.05
P < 0.01
Defined as having any incidence of unprotected vaginal or anal sex in the previous six months
Defined as having any incidence of unprotected vaginal or anal sex in the previous six months with a known or suspected HIV-positive partner
Defined as having any incidence of vaginal, oral or anal sex with a casual or anonymous sex partner in the previous six months
Defined as having three or more sex partners in the previous six months
Included in final multivariate model as a potential confounder regardless of significance level
OR for female gender = 1.7 (1.1, 2.6)
OR for age ≥25 years = 1.7 (1.1, 2.5)
NS = not significant, P ≥0.05 for adjusted OR in final multivariate model
NI = not included in initial multivariate model because P ≥0.20 in bivariate analysis OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval