Table 2.
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric cardia cancer with or without esophageal invasion.
| Variable | With esophageal invasion (n = 26) | Without esophageal invasion (n = 54) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 65.3 ± 10.8 | 68.6 ± 10.8 | 0.271 |
| Sex | 0.773 | ||
| Male | 19 (73.1%) | 42 (77.8%) | |
| Female | 7 (26.9%) | 12 (22.2%) | |
| Pathological tumor size (mm, mean ± SD) | 61.9 ± 18.9 | 39.5 ± 20.8 | <0.001** |
| Main histological type† | 0.811 | ||
| Differentiated | 15 (57.7%) | 33 (61.1%) | |
| Undifferentiated | 11 (42.3%) | 21 (38.9%) | |
| Distance between EGJ and tumor epicenter | <0.001** | ||
| ≤20 mm | 15 (57.7%) | 6 (11.1%) | |
| >20 mm | 11 (42.3%) | 48 (88.9%) | |
| Lymphatic invasion | 0.003** | ||
| L0 | 4 (15.4%) | 28 (51.9%) | |
| L1 | 22 (84.6%) | 26 (48.2%) | |
| Venous invasion | <0.001** | ||
| V0 | 3 (11.5%) | 29 (53.7%) | |
| V1 | 23 (88.5%) | 25 (46.3%) | |
| Depth of tumor invasion | 0.028* | ||
| pT1 | 4 (15.4%) | 25 (46.3%) | |
| pT2 | 3 (11.5%) | 8 (14.8%) | |
| pT3 | 13 (50.0%) | 13 (24.1%) | |
| pT4 | 6 (23.1%) | 8 (14.8%) | |
| Lymph node metastasis | 0.002** | ||
| pN0 | 7 (26.9%) | 38 (70.4%) | |
| pN1 | 6 (23.1%) | 6 (11.1%) | |
| pN2 | 5 (19.2%) | 6 (11.1%) | |
| pN3 | 8 (30.8%) | 4 (7.4%) | |
| Distant metastasis | 0.010* | ||
| M0 | 11 (42.3%) | 54 (100%) | |
| M1 | 15 (57.7%) | 0 | |
| TNM stage | <0.001** | ||
| I | 3 (11.5%) | 29 (53.7%) | |
| II | 6 (23.1%) | 15 (27.8%) | |
| III | 2 (7.7%) | 10 (18.5%) | |
| IV | 15 (57.7%) | 0 | |
| Extent of gastrectomy | 0.150 | ||
| Proximal | 7 (26.9%) | 24 (44.4%) | |
| Total | 19 (73.1%) | 30 (55.6%) | |
| Surgical approach | 0.037* | ||
| Laparoscopic surgery | 6 (23.1%) | 24 (44.4%) | |
| Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery | 4 (15.4%) | 13 (24.1%) | |
| Open surgery | 16 (61.5%) | 17 (31.5%) | |
| Splenectomy | <0.001** | ||
| No | 9 (34.6%) | 47 (87.0%) | |
| Yes | 17 (65.4%) | 7 (13.0%) | |
| Thoracotomy | 0.013* | ||
| No | 21 (80.8%) | 53 (98.2%) | |
| Yes | 5 (19.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Postoperative chemotherapy | 0.002** | ||
| No | 8 (30.8%) | 37 (68.5%) | |
| Yes | 18 (69.2%) | 17 (31.5%) |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
†Differentiated: papillary carcinoma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; Undifferentiated: poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma.