Figure 4. rMIF induces thrombomodulin (TM) expression in endothelial cells.

(A) HMEC-1 (1×10⁶) cells were stimulated with rMIF (0.4 µg/mL) for 24 h. TM and nuclei were stained with FITC conjugated anti-TM antibody and DAPI, respectively, and observed using fluorescence microscopy at 400× magnification. The controls were treated with 0.9% saline (Mock). (B) The expression of TM in HMEC-1 cells with/without rMIF treatment was determined using flow cytometry analysis. Cells treated with rMIF showed increased TM expression compared to the control (without). The thrombin-treated cells were used as a positive control.