Figure 4. Effect of ATP depletion on C. jejuni and E. coli^inv invasion.

Islands of polarized Caco-2 cells were treated for 1 h with 3 mM of DNP and then infected with C. jejuni strain 108p4 (Red) and E. coli^inv (Green) for 2 h after which the cells were stained with WGA-Alexa fluor633 (Blue), fixed, and visualized with confocal microscopy. As a control, islands were treated with an equivalent amount of solvent acetone (final concentration: 0.3%) and infected. Note that DNP inhibits the invasion of E. coli^inv but not of C. jejuni.