. 2012 Dec 4;24(2):567–580. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2224-2

Table 1.

Age-adjusted annualized incidence rates in the WHI CaD trial and observational study

	CaD Trial				Observational Study
	All participants		No personal supplements^a		Non-users of supplements	Calcium + Vitamin D	Calcium only	Vitamin D only
	Placebo	CaD	Placebo	CaD	Non-users of supplements	Calcium + Vitamin D	Calcium only	Vitamin D only
Number of women	18,106	18,176	7,584	7,718	23,561	15,476	5,941	1,914
	Hip fracture
Cases	199	175	80	68	212	158	55	26
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.20	0.17	0.20	0.16	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.18
	Total fracture
Cases	2,158	2,102	870	872	3,172	2,344	834	290
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	1.94	1.85	1.86	1.81	2.02	2.28	2.04	2.21
	Myocardial infarction
Cases	390	411	167	193	433	210	77	40
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.34	0.37	0.37	0.42	0.28	0.19	0.18	0.29
	Coronary heart disease
Cases	475	499	211	229	545	252	95	50
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.42	0.45	0.47	0.51	0.35	0.23	0.22	0.36
	Total heart disease
Cases	1,363	1,405	642	621	1,602	762	328	132
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	1.24	1.28	1.44	1.39	1.05	0.71	0.77	0.97
	Stroke
Cases	377	362	162	184	471	253	91	38
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.35	0.33	0.37	0.42	0.31	0.23	0.21	0.27
	Total cardiovascular disease
Cases	1,810	1,832	813	848	2,187	1,069	440	181
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	1.69	1.70	1.86	1.94	1.45	1.01	1.04	1.34
	Colorectal cancer
Cases	154	168	77	66	174	88	35	9
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.13	0.15	0.16	0.14	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.06
	Breast cancer
Cases	546	528	249	202	665	517	210	60
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.45	0.43	0.48	0.38	0.40	0.48	0.49	0.43
	Total invasive cancer
Cases	1,411	1,366	617	553	1,701	1,187	474	153
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	1.21	1.16	1.28	1.11	1.07	1.11	1.12	1.12
	Death
Cases	807	744	338	331	1,240	674	266	119
Age-adjusted incidence (%)^b	0.72	0.67	0.75	0.72	0.78	0.61	0.61	0.84

^aNo personal use of calcium or vitamin D at baseline

^bAdjusted to the 5-year baseline age distribution in the CaD trial