Table 1.
Subject Characteristics
| Parameter | African n=80 | African American n=75 | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 36±9 | 35±8 | 0.33 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3±3.8 | 29.8±6.2 | <0.01 |
| WC (cm)b | 93±6 | 95±6 | 0.11 |
| VAT (cm2)b,c | 117±45 | 93±45 | <0.01 |
| SAT (cm2)b,c | 142±66 | 165±64 | 0.04 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126±13 | 121±12 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76±9 | 71±10 | <0.01 |
| Married | 46% | 28% | 0.02 |
| Smoke | 6% | 21% | <0.01 |
| Exercise frequency (≥3×/week) | 27% | 35% | 0.25 |
| Alcohol intake (≤1/week) | 73% | 73% | 0.96 |
| Cardiometabolic disease | 63% | 65% | 0.71 |
| Insulin resistance | 23% | 27% | 0.66 |
| Prediabetes | 40% | 23% | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 6% | 0% | 0.02 |
| Metabolic triad | 33% | 52% | 0.01 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 92±8 | 88±8 | <0.01 |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 130±35 | 118±25 | 0.01 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 4.0±3.4 | 7.6±5.2 | <0.01 |
| SI (liter/mU−1·min−1)c | 4.86±3.25 | 4.17±2.66 | 0.18 |
| AIRg (mU/liter−1·min)c | 604±436 | 874±758 | 0.01 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158±31 | 174±41 | 0.01 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 74±40 | 83±39 | 0.18 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46±11 | 46±10 | 0.73 |
| HDL size (nm) | 9.17±0.41 | 8.84±0.44 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 97±28 | 111±39 | 0.01 |
| LDL size (nm) | 21.0±0.7 | 20.9±0.6 | 0.40 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) | 80±21 | 87±30 | 0.07 |
a
Continuous variables compared by the Student t-test and categorical variables by chi-squared test.
b
Adjusted for BMI.
c
Data in 69 Africans, 68 African Americans.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SI, insulin sensitivity index; AIRg, acute insulin response to glucose; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein choesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB, apolipoprotein B.