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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 Nov 29;33(2):285–293. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300388

Figure 3. ATRA-mediated heart valve calcification requires RAR and RXR activity.

Figure 3

cE10 mitral valve explants were treated for 48 hours with indicated agonists, with or without a 4 hour antagonist pre-treatment. (A) Diagram depicting selectivity of RAR and RXR agonists and antagonists. (B–C) qPCR to show changes in RARβ expression (B, C) as a fold change with agonist treatments (B), and as a percent change following pre-treatment with RAR (LE540) or RXR (PA452) pan-antagonists compared to ATRA and 9-cis agonists alone. (D) qPCR analysis to show percentage changes in Sox9 expression in agonist treatment alone, and pre-treatment with antagonists. * p<0.05 over vehicle; # p<0.05 over agonist.