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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 Nov 29;33(2):285–293. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300388

Figure 4. Retinoic acid treatment promotes calcific nodule formation in cE10 mitral valve explants.

Figure 4

Compared to vehicle controls (A), von Kossa reactivity is increased following treatment with ATRA (B) and 9-cis RA (E). von Kossa reactivity is attenuated when co-treated with pharmacological antagonists (C,D,F,G,H). (I) Quantification of von Kossa reactivity normalized to area, as indicated by Alcian blue counterstain. * p<0.05 over vehicle; # p<0.05 over agonist.