Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL)
| Characteristics | Early ACL (n = 16) | Classic ulcerative ACL (n = 120) | P * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| No. (%) female | 3 (18.8) | 43 (35.8) | 0.26 |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 27.7 (12.0) | 29.3 (12.3) | 0.69 |
| Clinical data | |||
| Lesion duration, days , mean (SD) | 21.1 (5.9) | 37.7 (19.9) | < 0.001 |
| Leishmania skin test area, mm2, median (interquartile range) | 144 (99–192) | 210 (132–323) | 0.001 |
| No. (%) with 1 lesion | 11 (68.8) | 88 (73.3) | 0.71 |
| Lesion area, median mm2 (interquartile range) | 30 (20–54) | 265 (110–475) | < 0.001 |
| Helminth co-infection, no. (%) | 14 (87.5) | 106 (88.2) | 1.00 |
| Ancylostosoma duodenale, no. (%) | 13 (81.3) | 97 (80.9) | 1.00 |
| Ascaris lumbricoides, no. (%) | 10 (62.5) | 58 (48.3) | 0.43 |
| Schistosoma mansoni, no. (%) | 1 (6.3) | 20 (16.7) | 0.47 |
| Strongyloides stercoralis, no. (%) | 0 | 12 (10.0) | 0.36 |
| Cytokine levels | |||
| Interferon-γ,† pg/mL, median (interquartile range) | 86 (0–236) | 7,579 (5,098–8,355) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor necrosis factor-α,† pg/mL, median (interquartile range) | 307 (46–901) | 1,526 (928–2,078) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| No. (%) requiring second course of antimony treatment | 12 (75.0) | 31 (25.8) | < 0.001 |
*
Normally distributed and non-normally distributed continuous variables were compared using unpaired t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, respectively. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test.
†
Cytokine data were based on a convenience sample of 40 persons with ulcerated lesions and all 16 persons with early non-ulcerated lesions.