Table 2.

Association of risk factors with time to lesion healing in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with antimony^*

Risk factor	Crude hazard ratio (95% CI)	P	Multivariate hazard ratio† (95% CI)	P
Demographics
Female	0.84 (0.55–1.28)	0.43	–	–
Age per 10 years	1.04 (0.86–1.20)	0.87	–	–
Clinical data
Classic ulceration	4.50 (1.65–12.30)	< 0.001	5.33 (1.67–16.99)	0.005
LST area per 100 mm2	1.24 (1.08–1.42)	0.003	1.16 (1.14–1.33)	0.03
One lesion only	1.11 (0.82–1.51)	0.51	–	–
Lesion area per 100 mm2	1.00 (0.95–1.05)	0.99	–	–
Helminth co-infection	0.42 (0.24–0.74)	0.006	0.43 (0.24–0.77)	0.004
Cytokines
IFN-γ per 1,000 pg/mL‡	1.25 (1.10–1.42)	< 0.001
TNF-α per 1,000 pg/mL‡	1.86 (1.16–2.97)	0.01

^*CI = confidence interval; LST = Leishmania skin test; IFN-γ = interferon-γ; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

^†Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for ulceration, LST area, and helminth co-infection.

^‡n = 46 persons with cytokine data.