. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 3.

Published in final edited form as: Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Dec 20;49(10):947–965. doi: 10.1039/c2cc36577d

Table 1.

Acid/base and other ion transfer ion/ion reactions. M = intact parent analyte, Y = intact parent reagent, X = metal cation, L = ligandion, Z = metal anion.

Precursor Charges	Reaction Number	Reaction Name	Reaction Equation
Multiply charged cations/singly charged anions	1.1	Proton transfer (PT)	(M + nH)ⁿ⁺ + Y⁻ → (M + (n − 1)H)^{(n − 1)+} + YH
	1.2	Multiple proton transfer	(M + nH)ⁿ⁺ + Y⁻ → (M + (n − m)H)^{(n − m)+} + YH_m^(m−1)+
	1.3	Solvent transfer with PT	(M + nH)ⁿ⁺ + YS_m⁻ → (M + (n − 1)H)^{(n − 1)+} (m − p)S + YH + pS
	1.4	Cation transfer	(M + nX)ⁿ⁺ + Y⁻ → (M + (n − 1)X)^{(n − 1)+} YX
	1.5	Cation exchange	(M + 2X)²⁺ + YL₂⁻ → (M + Y)⁺ + 2XL
	1.6	Anion transfer	(M + nX)ⁿ⁺ + YZ⁻ → (M + nX + Z)^{(n − 1)+} + Y
	1.7	Anion attachment	(M + nX)ⁿ⁺ + Y⁻ → (M + nX + Y)^{(n − 1)+}
	1.8	Charge inversion	(Y + nH)ⁿ⁺ + (M − H)⁻ → (Y + (n − 2)H)^{(n − 2)+} + (M + H)⁺
Multiply charged anions/singly charged anions	1.9	proton transfer	(M − nH)ⁿ⁻ + YH⁺ → (M − (n − 1)H)^{(n − 1)−} + Y
	1.10	Cation attachment	(M − nH)ⁿ⁻ + Y⁺ → (M − nH + Y)^{(n − 1)−}
	1.11	Charge inversion	(Y − nH)ⁿ⁻ + (M + H)⁺ → (Y − (n − 2)H)^{(n − 2)−} + (M − H)⁻
Multiply charged cations/multiply charged anions	1.12	proton transfer	(M + nH)ⁿ⁺ + (Y − mH)^m− → (M + (n − p)H)^{(n − p)+} + (Y − (m − p)H)^{(m − p)−}
Multiply charged cations/multiply charged anions	1.13	Complex formation	(M + nH)ⁿ⁺ (Y − mH)^m− → (M + Y + (n − m)H)^{(n − m)+}