Table 2.
Average (1 SD) rotation about and translation along the helical axis from the neutral-grip position. X, Y, and Z correspond to the pronation/supination, flexion/extension axis, and ulnar/radial deviation components, respectively.
| Bone | Motion | X | Y | Z | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rotation (deg) | translation (mm) | rotation (deg) | translation (mm) | rotation (deg) | translation (mm) | ||
| MC3 | Extension | 0.05 (4.0) | 0.04 (0.07) | −53.4 (12.7) | 0.31 (0.86) | 4.5 (8.6) | −0.15 (0.30) |
| Flexion | 4.7 (8.3) | 0.07 (0.07) | 115.7 (15.9) | 1.2 (1.0) | −2.6 (10.1) | −0.01 (0.11) | |
| Capitate | Extension | −0.13 (3.5) | 0.02 (0.07) | −49.5 (13.0) | 0.61 (0.67) | 5.7 (7.8) | −0.17 (0.27) |
| Flexion | 3.9 (7.4) | 0.05 (0.08) | 114.7 (15.7) | 1.2 (0.9) | −3.1 (10.4) | −0.01 (0.13) | |
| Scaphoid | Extension | −5.1 (2.5) | 0.17 (0.08) | −37.1 (10.7) | 1.2 (0.4) | 10.1 (4.5) | −0.36 (0.20) |
| Flexion | 1.0 (5.5) | 0.01 (0.08) | 79.8 (13.0) | 0.79 (0.67) | −1.5 (7.1) | −0.02 (0.08) | |
| Lunate | Extension | −1.6 (1.7) | 0.07 (0.09) | −21.0 (8.1) | 1.2 (0.4) | 8.5 (3.7) | −0.51 (0.25) |
| Flexion | 0.14 (4.8) | −0.01 (0.2) | 52.6 (10.1) | 1.9 (0.7) | 8.9 (5.2) | 0.36 (0.25) | |