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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Gerontol. 2012 Nov 30;48(2):115–127. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.11.010

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Age-, training-, and treatment-associated differences in pCREB and CREB immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (A) Representative photomicrographs of pCREB immunostaining. Scale bar = 100 microns. (B) Old rats had training-related deficits in pCREB activation, which were attenuated by epinephrine and glucose. (*) p < .05 vs. young untrained group. (**) ps < .01 vs. young untrained group. (+) ps < .05 vs. old untrained and saline groups. (C) There were significantly lower CREB levels in old compared to young rats. (D) Old rats had training-related deficits in pCREB:CREB ratios, which were attenuated by glucose. (**) ps < .01 vs. young untrained group. (++) ps < .01 vs. old untrained and saline groups.