Table 2.
Major Ghent criteria used to diagnose Marfan syndrome.
| System | Major criteria |
|---|---|
| Skeletal system | Pectus carinatum |
| Pectus excavatum requiring surgery | |
| Upper to lower segment ratio <0.86 or span to height ratio >1.05 | |
| Arachnodactyly: wrist and thumb signs Pes planus Protrusio acetabuli | |
| Scoliosis > 20 d or spondylolisthesis | |
| Reduced extensions at the elbows (<170 d) | |
|
| |
| Ocular system | Ectopia lentis (dislocated lens) |
|
| |
| Cardiovascular system | Dilatation of the ascending aorta |
| Aortic root dilatation | |
|
| |
| Dura | Lumbosacral dural ectasia |
|
| |
| Family/genetic history | Family history |
| Genetic mutations known to cause Marfan syndrome Inheritance of DNA maker haplotype linked to MFS in the family | |