Table 1.
Summary of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (conducted between 2001 and 2011) on effects of alcohol addiction on brain function that were included in Figs 4 and 5. Studies are grouped by stimulation paradigms into four major categories. Number of alcoholic (S) and control (C) subjects included and tasks are provided in addition to main results.
| Subjects | Task | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Memory | |||
| Gundersen et. al; 2008 | 12S & 13C | Working memory | dACC; cerebellum ↓ |
| Yoon et.al; 2009 | 12S & 12C | Word/face memory encoding | Temporal, parietal and cingulate cortices ↑ |
| Vollstädt-Klein; 2010 | 11S & 19C | Spatial working memory | ACC ↑ |
| Cue-reactivity | |||
| George et. al; 2001 | 10S & 10C | Alcohol sip & cues | Left DLPFC and anterior thalamus ↑ |
| Grusser et. al; 2004 | 10S & 10C | Visual alcohol cues | Striatum, ACC and medial PFC ↑ |
| Filbey et. al; 2008 | 37S | Alcoholic taste | OFC, inf frontal, temporal, occipital, IPC, PCC, caudate and thalamus ↑ |
| Vollstädt-Klein et. al; 2010 | 21S & 10C | Visual alcohol cues | Dorsal striatum ↑; ventral striatum and PFC ↓ |
| Gilman et.al; 2012 | 14S & 14C | Emotional cues & IV ethanol | Nacc ↑ in social but not in heavy drinkers |
| Inhibition | |||
| Heitzeg et.al; 2010 | 41S & 20C | Go/NoGo | OFC, VPFC and dmPFC ↑ |
| Silveri et. al; 2011 | 18S & 14C | Stroop interference | AC C and DLPFC ↑ |
| Emotion | |||
| Wrase et. al;2007 | 16S & 16C | Emotion and monetary reward | Ventral and dorsal striatum ↓ |
| Heitzeg et.al; 2008 | 22S & 6C | Emotion | OFC & insula/putamen ↑; Ventral striatum amygdala and dmPFC ↓ |
Arrows indicate activation increases (↑) or decreases (↓).