Table 2.

Summary of Heart Rate Variability

		Anesthesia		Pericardiotomy		Atriotomy		Steroids
Time Domain
		Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
HR	Preop	75.00	1.51	75.00	4.78	80.00	5.14	61.00	3.02
	POD 1	76.00	2.74	84.00	9.90	105.00	6.86 *	71.00	5.43
	POD 2	73.00	1.43	97.00	16.00 *	110.00	6.65 *	67.00	5.67
	POD 3	72.00	2.57	110.00	12.80 *	115.00	9.43 *	61.00	2.90
HR min	Preop	34.00	0.94	35.00	3.80	31.00	3.92	32.00	0.57
	POD 1	35.00	1.18	49.00	6.60 *	63.00	8.12 *	37.00	3.84
	POD 2	30.00	2.98	42.00	8.10 *	53.00	7.06 *	35.00	2.98
	POD 3	31.00	3.47	53.00	5.90 *	68.00	8.57 *	34.00	1.22
HR max	Preop	189.00	6.08	185.00	21.70	184.00	4.12	155.00	7.23
	POD 1	180.00	1.96	150.00	15.20 *	149.00	5.63 *	159.00	10.70
	POD 2	196.00	3.67	191.00	7.80	172.00	8.45	148.00	7.72
	POD 3	187.00	7.06	196.00	11.10	173.00	10.08	144.00	10.17
SDNN	Preop	391.00	13.88	386.00	78.00	372.00	15.92	393.00	14.70
	POD 1	350.00	25.31	215.00	70.00 *	161.00	49.40 *	277.00	34.70 *
	POD 2	376.00	17.15	278.00	97.00	200.00	48.17 *	362.00	47.77
	POD 3	394.00	20.82	213.00	86.00 *	200.00	49.40 *	434.00	30.21
SDANN	Preop	197.00	12.66	170.00	39.00	164.00	13.47	196.00	17.15
	POD 1	178.00	11.43	98.00	23.00 *	78.00	15.11 *	152.00	14.29
	POD 2	199.00	15.92	133.00	36.00	111.00	26.13	148.00	13.88
	POD 3	184.00	14.70	107.00	33.00	80.00	18.78 *	149.00	16.33
RMSSD	Preop	404.00	23.27	415.00	89.00	402.00	20.00	465.00	27.76
	POD 1	381.00	35.11	266.00	106.00	205.00	71.04 *	356.00	59.60
	POD 2	398.00	19.60	332.00	140.00	216.00	57.15 *	532.00	94.31
	POD 3	408.00	31.03	243.00	130.00	252.00	66.54	655.00	65.73
Geometric Domain
TI	Preop	43.00	2.45	48.00	4.08	47.00	3.67	64.00	9.80
	POD 1	38.00	1.63 *	33.00	3.67	14.00	2.45 *	49.00	6.94
	POD 2	43.00	2.04	33.00	3.67 *	20.00	2.04 *	51.00	6.12
	POD 3	43.00	2.86	26.00	2.45 *	15.00	2.45 *	45.00	4.08
Frequency Domain
log TP	Preop	4.701	0.047	4.701	0.071	4.753	0.071	4.552	0.044
	POD 1	4.546	0.053 *	4.164	0.142 *	3.803	0.402 *	4.280	0.154
	POD 2	4.652	0.045	4.571	0.156	4.087	0.285	4.627	0.202
	POD 3	4.659	0.036	4.244	0.166	4.003	0.390	4.746	0.055
log HF	Preop	4.513	0.045	4.519	0.072	4.573	0.070	4.368	0.045
	POD 1	4.369	0.054 *	3.982	0.143 *	3.604	0.408 *	4.098	0.155
	POD 2	4.472	0.047	4.382	0.157	3.907	0.287	4.445	0.201
	POD 3	4.479	0.036	4.059	0.165	3.810	0.400	4.566	0.054
log LF	Preop	4.086	0.051	4.059	0.073	4.138	0.070	3.925	0.048
	POD 1	3.926	0.049 *	3.542	0.143 *	3.171	0.418	3.659	0.156
	POD 2	4.021	0.040	3.946	0.152	3.440	0.284	4.010	0.208
	POD 3	4.027	0.038	3.611	0.170	3.350	0.414	4.131	0.058
log VLF	Preop	3.740	0.058	3.761	0.071	3.744	0.078	3.587	0.036
	POD 1	3.527	0.056 *	3.174	0.133 *	2.888	0.371	3.287	0.149
	POD 2	3.669	0.051	3.625	0.167	3.129	0.275	3.632	0.189
	POD 3	3.683	0.040	3.299	0.162	3.089	0.329	3.739	0.054
log ULF	Preop	3.256	0.099	3.291	0.097	3.113	0.083	3.090	0.040
	POD 1	2.851	0.077	2.547	0.115	2.237	0.285	2.600	0.131 *
	POD 2	3.040	0.082	3.123	0.215	2.618	0.254	3.038	0.187
	POD 3	3.154	0.070	2.778	0.165	2.581	0.257	3.123	0.156
LF/HF	Preop	0.375	0.009	0.348	0.005	0.367	0.002	0.361	0.002
	POD 1	0.361	0.008	0.363	0.004	0.370	0.012	0.364	0.002
	POD 2	0.355	0.010	0.367	0.014	0.342	0.010	0.368	0.010
	POD 3	0.353	0.005	0.356	0.004	0.348	0.013	0.368	0.007

^*POD data are statistical different from Preop values (p<0.05). HR: Average heart rate over 24 hours; HRmin and HRmax: The minimum and maximum five minute average heart rate over a 24 hour period; SDNN: Standard deviation of all NN(normal-normal) intervals: SDANN: Standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-minute segments over 24 hours; RMSSD: The square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals; TI: Triangular Index; TP: Total Power, <0.4 Hz; HF: Power in high frequency interval, 0.15–0.4 Hz; LP: Power in low frequency interval, 0.04–0.15 Hz; VLF: Power in very low frequency interval, 0.003–0.04 Hz; ULF: Power in ultra low frequency interval, <0.003 Hz.¹¹