Table 3. Univariate analysis of independent variables and Nipah virus serostatus of 2 Pteropus bat species surveyed in a cross-sectional survey (without pup data), Peninsular Malaysia, January 2004–October 2006*.
| Species and risk factor | No. positive/no. tested (%) | p value† | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| P. vampyrus | |||
| Age | |||
| Juvenile | 14/56 (25) | Referent | 1.00 |
| Adult | 68/193 (35.2) | 0.151 | 1.63 (0.83–3.19) |
| Sex | |||
| M | 38/135 (28.1) | Referent | 1.00 |
| F | 44/114 (38.6) | 0.081 | 1.6 (0.94–2.73) |
| Female reproductive status | |||
| Dry | 21/58 (36.2) | Referent | 1.00 |
| Pregnant | 6/14 (42.3) | 0.645 | 1.32 (0.40–4.33) |
| Carrying a pup | 3/7 (42.9) | 0.731 | 1.32 (0.27–6.48) |
| Nursing | 11/17 (64.7) | 0.042 | 3.23 (1.04–9.99) |
| Juvenile |
3/18 (16.7) |
0.130 |
0.35 (0.09–1.36) |
| P. hypomelanus | |||
| Age | |||
| Juvenile | 0/31 (0) | NA | NA |
| Adult | 13/86 (15.1) | NA | NA |
| Sex | |||
| M | 7/58(12.1) | Referent | 1.00 |
| F | 6/59 (10.2) | 0.744 | 0.85 (0.26–2.62) |
| Female reproductive status | |||
| Dry | 2/23 (8.7) | Referent | 1.00 |
| Pregnant | 4/14 (28.6) | 0.112 | 4.20 (0.65–26.89) |
| Carrying a pup | NA | NA | NA |
| Nursing | NA | NA | NA |
| Juvenile | 0/22 (0) | NA | NA |
*OR, odds ratio; NA, not applicable. †By χ2 test, Fisher exact test, or simple logistic regression.