Table 1.

Summary table for BCG-related tuberculous epididymo-orchitis.

Etiology	Mycobacterium bovis, used as an intravesical treatment for urothelial cancer of the bladder
Incidence	0.4% of patient treated with intravesical BCG
Gender Ratio	Male only
Age predilection	Generally, men older then 60 years old
Risk factors	Intravesical treatment with BCG, recent instrumentation or catheterization, immunocompromised state, recent urological trauma
Treatment	300 mg of isoniazid for 3 months supplemented with rifampin and isonicotinylhydrazine (INH) with or without fluoroquinolones for 3–6 months +/− corticosteroids
Prognosis	Orchiectomy can be avoided if promptly diagnosed and treated
Ultrasonography	Variable. Classically, diffuse enlargement with heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance of the epididymis, nodular enlargement of the testis with heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance, linear or focal Doppler signal at the periphery of the epididymis, intra-scrotal extra-testicular calcifications, caseous abscess, sinus tract and skin thickening